Timelines

1700s

1730	Floris established in London by Juan Famenias Floris.
1749	Potter & Moore founded by John Potter and James Moore in Surrey, England.
1752	Dr. Hunter’s Dispensary opened by William Hunter in Newport, Rhode Island (Caswell-Massey).
1768	Chiris founded by Antoine Chiris in Grasse, France.
1770	A soap and perfumery business that will become Yardley established by Samuel Cleaver.
1774	Michel Adam opens ‘A La Reine des Fleurs’ boutique in Paris.
1775	Jean-F. Houbigant opens a perfume shop in Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris.
1779	A La Reine des Fleurs business passes to Michel Adam’s son.
1789	Pears Soap founded in England (traditional date).
1797	Pears moves to 55 Wells Street, Soho.
1798	Parfums Lubin founded by Pierre François Lubin in Paris.
1799	James Atkinson establishes a business in London (traditional date).

1800s

1802	Abel Porter & Company (a button shop) established by Abel & Levi Porter and Henry, Silas & Samuel Grilley in the U.S.A. Will become the Scovill Manufacturing Company.
1805	A La Reine des Fleurs business inherited by Pierre-Guillaume Dissey.
1806	William Colgate starts a soap and candle business in New York.
1807	William Colgate partners with Francis Smith to form Smith & Colgate.
1808	Nicole Houbigant, marries François Magny and Houbigant becomes Houbigant-Magny.
1811	Abel Porter & Company sold to Leavenworth, Hayden & Scovill.
1813	James Atkinson moves his business to 43 Gerrard Street, Soho. Dissey et Piver formed as a partnership between Pierre-Guillaume Dissey and Louis Toussaint Piver.
1815	Houbigant bought by Félix Chardin which then becomes Houbigant-Chardin. Joseph Crosfield establishes a soap business in Bank Quay, Warrington, England.
1818	James Atkinson moves or expands his business to 44 Gerrard Street, Soho. Merck & Company established (Germany).
1823	William Yardley gains control of the Cleaver soap and perfumery business.
1828	James Atkinsons opens a retail outlet at 39 New Bond Street, London. House of Guerlain founded by Pierre-François-Pascal Guerlain at 42 Rue de Rivoli, Paris.
1829	Atkinsons moves to 39 Bond Street, London.
1830	Edouard Pinaud acquires the perfume shop ‘A la Corbeille Fleurie’ in Paris.
1831	Atkinsons renamed as J. & E. Atkinson after James Atkinson’s brother, Edward, is made a partner.
1832	J. & E. Atkinson move to 24 Old Bond Street, London.
1833	Hazard & Caswell renamed as Caswell & Hazard; branch opened in New York.
1834	House of Rimmel founded by Eugene Rimmel in London.
1835	Francis Pears becomes a partner in Pears which is now known as A. & F. Pears.
1836	A. H. Wirz Company founded by August Herman Wirz in Philadelphia, the first business in America to make collapsible tubes.
1837	Houbigant-Chardin opens a shop at 216 Regent Street, London. Procter (English candle maker) & Gamble (Irish soap maker) open a factory in Cincinnati, Ohio.
1839	Guerlain moves to 15 Rue de la Paix, Paris.
1840	La Parfumerie de la Société Hygiénique Cottan founded by Jean-François Arsène Cottan at 5 Rue Jean-Jacques-Rousseau in Paris.
1841	Charles Yardley takes on a partner to form Yardley & Statham.
1842	A. Rallet & Co. founded in Moscow by Alphonse Rallet.
1847	A. & F. Pears moves to 91 Great Russell Street, London.
1848	Ed. Pinaud acquires the title to the business of M. Besançon from his successor M. LeGrand ‘A la Corbeille Fleurie’.
1849	Boots, The Chemists founded by John Boot (UK). Chas. Pfizer & Company established by Charles Pfizer and Charles F. Erhart in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The T. T. Pond Company formed by Theron Pond, Alexander Hart, and Edmund Munson. John Tetlow purchases a soap business from a Philadelphian who went to the California gold rush.
1850	Scovill Manufacturing Company incorporates.
1851	W. J. Bush & Co. founded in London by William John Bush.
1852	Beecham, Ltd. founded (UK). Le Bon Marché, the first modern department store established in Paris by Aristide Boucicaut.
1854	Houbigant-Chardin acquired by Gabillot et Compagnie.
1855	Hudnut’s Pharmacy established by Alexander Hudnut (Richard Hudnut’s father) in New York. Chauncey B. Woodworth acquires a perfumery business in Rochester.
1856	Chauncey B. Woodworth goes into partnership with Reuben A. Bunnell to form Woodworth & Bunnell. William R. Warner opens a drug store in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1857	Registration of trademarks added to the registration of invention patents (France).
1858	William Colgate & Company becomes Colgate & Company. Robert Augustus Chesebrough goes into the coal-oil business. E. R. Squibb & Sons founded by Dr. Edward R. Squibb.
1862	Houbigant-Chardin bought by Gilbert et Dormage. House of Roger & Gallet founded by Armand Roger and Charles Gallet.
1863	Joseph-Albert Ponsin establishes a business in Paris to create make-up and perfumes for performers.
1864	B. J. Johnson & Company formed in Milwaukee by Burdette Johnson (will later become Palmolive). Carlton & Smith advertising agency founded by William James Carlton (USA).
1865	Meyer Brothers Drug, Co. established in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Woodworth & Bunnell renamed C. B. Woodworth & Son.
1866	Florence Manufacturing Company (Florence Compound) founded in Haydenville, Massachusetts.
1867	Parke-Davis founded in Detroit, Michigan by Hervey C. Parke and George S. Davis.
1868	Alexandre-Napoléon Bourjois purchases the cosmetic business of Joseph-Albert Ponsin. Dr. J. Parker Pray Company established in New York by the podiatrist Dr. Joseph Parker Pray.
1869	Dr. Charles Browne Fleet opens pharmacy in Lynchburg, Virginia.
1870	Aurelius Stone Hinds purchases a drug store in downtown Portland. Chesebrough installs machinery to manufacture Vaseline in his factory in Red Hook, Brooklyn.
1871	Ben Levy Company (Lablache) founded by Benjamin Levy in Boston, Massachusetts.
1872	Crown Perfumery Company established in London. Kimberly, Clark & Company founded in Neenah, Wisconsin, by John A. Kimberly, Charles B. Clark, Frank C. Shattuck and Havilah Babcock. Arinobu Fukuhara and his colleagues establishes the Shiseido Pharmacy in Tokyo, Japan. Peet Brothers & Company founded in Kansas City, Missouri by Robert, William and Jesse Peet.
1873	L. Leichner founded at Schützenstrasse 31, Berlin, by Ludwig Leichner. Colgate agrees to distribute Vaseline products in the United States.
1874	C. W. Briggs & Sons (Marcelle Toilet Preparations) founded. Chesebrough Manufacturing Company founded in New York. Lehn & Fink founded by Louis Lehn and Frederick Fink at 160 William Street, New York.
1875	A. S. Hinds Company founded by Aurelius Stone Hinds in Portland, Maine.
1876	Caswell & Hazard becomes Caswell-Massey after John Rose Caswell goes into partnership with William Massey.
1877	Carlton & Smith reacquired by James Walter Thompson. Chesebrough opens a London depot at 7 Snow Hill. A. & F. Pears moves to 71-75 New Oxford Street, London.
1878	Carlton & Smith renamed as the J. Walter Thompson Company.
1879	Mennen Company founded by Gerhard Mennen.
1880	Paul C. Beiersdorf opens pharmacy in Hamburg, Germany. Burroughs Wellcome & Company founded in London by American pharmacists Henry Wellcome and Silas Burroughs. Carter Medicine Company founded by Dr. John Samuel Carter in Erie, Pennsylvania. Chesebrough businesses amalgamate to form Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, Consolidated; London depot moves to 41 Holborn Viaduct. Franz Ströher-Rothenkirchen (later Wella) founded by German hairdresser Franz Ströher. Houbigant-Chardin opens a factory in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Richard Hudnut begins selling perfumes from the New York pharmacy owned by this father. Lunsford Richardson acquires a retail drug business in Selma, North Carolina. Western Soap Company started by Andrew Jergens.
1881	Chesebrough Manufacturing Company becomes majority owned by Standard Oil; Chesebrough Building erected at 24 State Street, Battery Park, New York. Dr. Joseph Lawrence sells his formula for Listerine to Jordan Wheat Lambert. Houbigant-Chardin controlled by the partners Javal et Parquet. Jordan Wheat Lambert founds the Lambert Pharmacal Company.
1882	Andrew Jergens Soap Company founded by Andrew Jergens Sr. and Charles H. Geilfus. P. Beiersdorf & Company founded by pharmacist Paul C. Beiersdorf to manufacture gutta-percha medical plasters (Germany). Bronnleys, makers of fine soaps, founded in Britain.
1883	Potter Drug & Chemical Company (Cuticura) formed from the Weeks & Potter Drug Company.
1884	A. J. Krank Manufacturing Company established by Alfred J. Krank in St Paul, Minnesota. J. A. Pozzoni Company formed. Lehn & Fink relocates to larger building at 128 William Street, New York.
1885	W. J. Bush & Co. relocates to larger premises at Ash Grove, Hackney. Frederick F. Ingram Company established by Frederick F. Ingram. Monsieur Guillaume Lenthéric opens first salon and laboratory at 245 Saint-Honoré, Paris. Lever & Company (Lever Brothers) founded by William and James Lever (UK).
1886	Albert Plaut becomes a partner in Lehn & Fink after the retirement of Louis Lehn. W. J. Bush & Co. absorbs Potter & Moore. California Perfume Company founded by David H. McConnell. Johnson & Johnson founded by Robert Wood Johnson, James Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson. Pond’s Extract launches its first national advertising campaign in America using the services of the J. Walter Thompson Company. Potter Drug & Chemical Company (Cuticura) commence first international advertising. Recamier Manufacturing Company founded by Harriet Hubbard Ayer. William R. Warner gives up his drug store and establishes William R. Warner & Company. Eli Lilly & Company founded by Colonel Eli Lilly in Indianapolis, Indiana.
1887	Clinton Pharmaceutical Company acquired by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers (will later become Bristol-Myers). Johnson & Johnson incorporates. Kao Soap, Co., Ltd. founded (Japan). Oxzyn Company founded in New York. Recamier Manufacturing Company incorporates; introduces its skin creams into England. M. Stein Cosmetic Company founded to make theatrical creams and greasepaint (USA).
1888	Blondeau et Cie (Vinolia) founded by Dr. Eggleston Burrows and James Hill Hartridge (London). Dow (Midland) Chemical Company founded (USA). Martha M. Harper starts a business in Rochester N.Y. State.
1889	New Chesebrough Building erected at 13-19 State Street, Battery Park. Eugene Rimmel incorporates as a limited liability company. Potter Drug & Chemical Company (Cuticura) incorporates. Richard Hudnut Pharmacy Company established at 925 Broadway, New York.
1890	A. Bourjois et Cie founded in Paris. Académie Scientifique de Beauté founded by Dr. Alexandre Lamotte in Paris. P. Beiersdorf & Company sold to Oscar Troplowitz. Chambre Syndicale de la Parfumerie Française established by Aimé Guerlain and Charles Gallet. Daggett & Ramsdell established by Volney Chaplin Daggett and Clifford Ramsdell in New York. Erasmic Company established by Joseph Crosfield & Son. John H. Woodbury Dermatological Institute founded in New York. Kimberly & Clark Company incorporates. Lever & Company becomes a limited liability company, Lever Brothers, Ltd. Lunsford Richardson buys a share in a larger drug store in Greensboro, North Carolina. Procter & Gamble incorporates. Yardley becomes a Joint Stock Company.
1891	Bourjois establishes a factory in Pantin, Paris. Dr. J. Parker Pray Company incorporates in New Jersey.
1892	P. Beiersdorf & Company builds new factory in Eimsbüttel, Germany. Maurice Lévy founded by Felix Lévy. A. & F. Pears incorporates as a limited liability company. Peet Brothers & Company incorporates as the Peet Brothers Manufacturing Company. Procter & Gamble start national advertising campaigns in magazines.
1893	C. B. Woodworth Sons incorporates and takes over the business of C. B. Woodworth & Son. German Oil & Chemical Company founded by Francis W. Jones. Martha Matilda Harper founded.
1894	B. J. Johnson & Company renamed the B. J. Johnson Soap Company. California Perfume Company opens its first laboratory in Suffern, New York. John H. Woodbury Dermatological Institutes opened in Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago. Sigmund Pessl opens a hairdressing salon in Vienna.
1895	Académie Scientifique de Beauté opens a beauty salon at 376 Rue Saint Honoré, Paris. Andrew Jergens begins manufacturing Woodbury Facial Soap. Beecham, Ltd. opens an American subsidiary. Bourjois opens a shop at 13 Rue de la Paix, Paris. F. W. Hampshire & Co. founded in Derby. Givaudan established in Zurich by Leon and Xavier Givaudan. Jeanette Scalé opens a salon in Chancery Lane, London using the name Mrs. Pomeroy. Traditional date for the establishment of the Insitut de Beauté (Klytia) created by Marie Valentin Le Brun in Paris. Lever Brothers established in the New York.
1896	J. & E. Atkinson, Ltd. incorporates. Joseph Crosfield and Sons, Ltd. incorporates. Crown Chemical Company established by Augustus F. Garriott and John M. Price in indianapolis, Indiana. Daggett & Ramsdell partnership dissolved; Clifford Ramsdell sells his share to Henry M. O’Neil. Frances Forsythe opens a beauty business using the name Mrs. Frances Hemming in Mayfair, London. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. founded (Switzerland). Mrs. Pomeroy, Ltd. established. Moves to bigger premises at 29 Old Bond Street, London. Recamier Manufacturing Company goes into receivership; its assets acquired by Maria E. Rinn.
1897	W. J. Bush & Co. becomes a limited liability company. California Perfume Company establishes its own laboratory in Suffern, New York. Cyclax founded by Frances Forsythe at 58 South Molton Street, London. Daggett & Ramsdell moves to 17 West 34th Street, New York. D. Weeks Company formed by Deyet Weeks in Iowa. Denney & Denney founded in Philadelphia. Monsanto Chemical Company established (USA). Peet Brothers factory moves to Kansas City, Kansas.
1898	Atkinsons opens a wholesale and export showrooms at 8 Wood Street, Cheapside, London. Blondeau & Cie acquires John Wilton & Sons (soap and candle makers); Vinolia Company, Ltd. formed to take over the business of Blondeau et Cie. Bourjois now controlled by E. Wertheimer et Cie. W. J. Bush & Co., Ltd. establish a branch in New York. Clinton Pharmaceutical Company renamed Bristol, Myers Company. Daggett & Ramsdell incorporates. Givaudan moves to Geneva; constructs a factory in Vernier. Lehn & Fink acquired by Albert and Joseph Plaut. Lever Brothers begin manufacturing in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Rallet acquired by a group of French perfumers and reorganised as a stock company. Sigmund Pessl moves to Kärntnerstrasse 28, Vienna. E. Wertheimer et Cie founded by Ernest Wertheimer.
1899	Benjamin Brooke & Company acquired by Lever Brothers, Ltd. Société Merle et Valentin formed; Institut de Beauté (Klytia) opens a salon at 26 Place Vendéme, Paris. Maison Icilma established in Avenue de l’Opéra, Paris by Stephen Armitage with a factory in Asnières-sur-Seine. National Toilet Company (Nadine) established in Paris, Tennessee. Vinolia Company, Ltd. goes public.

1900s

1900	Eleanor Adair opens a salon at 90 New Bond Street, London. Bristol-Myers Company incorporates. Chas. Pfizer & Company incorporates.
1901	American Safety Razor Company formed in Boston by King Camp Gillette. Andrew Jergens acquires some Woodbury products and trademarks and 50% of the Dermatological Institute. Crown Chemical Company incorporates. George Westmore opens a hair dressing salon in Newport (USA). Icilma business moves to London. Lehn & Fink moves to 120 William Street, New York. Lamont, Corliss & Co. established in New York by Thomas W. Lamont and his brother-in-law Charles A. Corliss. Société Merle et Valentin dissolved.
1902	American Safety Razor Company renamed the Gillette Safety Razor Company. Daggett & Ramsdell open a laboratory at 211 West 32nd Street, New York. Eleanor Adair opens a salon at at 5 Rue Cambon, Paris. Helena Rubinstein opens her first salon at 138 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia. Joseph Lesquendieu acquires Bossard-Lemaire (France). The Van Dyke Chemical Company founded in New York by Samuel Isermann and L. A. Van Dyke to manufacture synthetic aromatic compounds. United Drug Company is established in New Jersey by Louis Kroh Liggett and a group of independent drug store owners.
1903	Eleanor Adair opens a salon at 52 West 35th Street, New York. Alfred Dunhill, Ltd. founded in London by Alfred Dunhill. Bonetti Frères (Bonetti Brothers) established by the brothers Giovanni Battista Bonetti and Cornelio Bonetti (Paris). Laird Manufacturing Company (Rose Laird) established at 20 West 31st Street New York. Marinello Company founded by Ruth D. Maurer in La Cross, Wisconsin.
1904	Alfred H. Smith Company (importers of Djer-Kiss) incorporates (USA). Chesebrough moves manufacturing from Brooklyn to a larger plant in Perth, Amboy, New Jersey. Coty S.A. founded in Paris by François Joseph de Spoturno. A. S. Hinds builds new laboratory on the corner of Pine and Clark Streets, Portland. Helena Rubinstein moves her Melbourne salon to 243 Collins Street. Icilma Company, Ltd. founded by Stephen Armitage in London. Mrs. Pomeroy offices and factory moved from 29 Old Bond Street to 33-34 Carnaby Street, Great Marlborough Street, London; and salons opened in Birmingham and Johannesburg. Schnefel Brothers (La Cross) established by A. Henkel and Maximilian Schnefel at 60 Arlington Street, Newark, New Jersey.
1905	Crown Chemical Company establishes Boncilla Laboratories. Daggett & Ramsdell opens a branch in the Waldorf-Astoria. Helena Rubinstein moves her Melbourne salon to 274 Collins Street where it is known as the Valaze Beauty Institute. Max Factor opens a barber shop at 1513 Biddle Street, St. Louis, Missouri. Pompeian Manufacturing Company incorporates. Richard Hudnut builds manufacturing facilities and offices at 115-117 East 29th Street, New York. Theodore Welcher and Lowell M. Palmer buy E. R. Squibb & Sons after the death of Dr. Edward R. Squibb. Vick Family Remedies Company established by Lunsford Richardson.
1906	Eleanor Adair moves her London salon to 92 New Bond Street. P. Beiersdorf & Company establishes its first overseas affiliate in London. Caswell-Massey close the Newport store. Coty opens a shop at 23 Place Vendôme, Paris. Helena Rubinstein opens a second salon at 158 Pitt Street, Sydney. Madame C. J. Walker establishes the Walker Manufacturing Company in Denver. Mrs. Pomeroy, Ltd. goes into voluntary liquidation; assets sold to E. H. Girling who establishes a new Mrs. Pomeroy, Ltd. Vinolia acquired by Lever Brothers.
1907	American Cyanamid founded by Frank Washburn. Daggett & Ramsdell stops retail trading. Helena Rubinstein opens a third salon at 9 Brandon Street, Wellington, New Zealand. Harriet Hubbard Ayer Company founded by Vincent Thomas after he acquired the rights to her name. Icilma moves to Rosebery Avenue, London. Gordon Gordon, Ltd. established in Chicago by Max Martin Gordon and Fannie Gordon. Vick Chemical Company formed by Lunsford Richardson.
1908	Chemische Exportgesellschaft Merz & Co. established by Friedrich Merz in Frankfurt, Germany. Colgate incorporates. Coty moves his manufacturing to Suresnes-sur-Seine. Daggett & Ramsdell move to 314 West 14th Street, New York. Elmo founded by Margaret Dryden and Mary Haley in Philadelphia. F. W. Hampshire opens a factory at the Silk Mill Works, Derby. Helena Rubinstein opens a salon at 24 Grafton Street, London. Rexona Pty., Ltd. founded by Alice and Samuel Sheffer in Sydney, Australia. William R. Warner Company acquired by Henry and Gustavus A. Pfeiffer & Company. Madame C. J. Walker opens the Lelia College in Pittsburgh.
1909	California Perfume Company moves its headquarters to New York. Charles Nessler opens a shop in London after leaving his barber-surgeon job in Switzerland. Florence Graham (Elizabeth Arden) and Elizabeth Hubbard open a salon at 509 Fifth Avenue, New York. Helena Rubinstein, Ltd. established (Australia) which acquires Helena Rubinstein & Co.; opens a salon at 255 Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris. L’Institut Marie Earle established at 279 Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris. Max Factor opens a store on South Central Avenue, Los Angeles; and Max Factor & Company founded. Merz & Co. moves to a new location at 100 Eckenheimer Landstrasse, Frankfurt. Richard Hudnut Pharmacy Company incorporates. Société Française des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (L’Oréal) founded by Eugène Schueller.

1910	Atkinsons moves its wholesale, manufacturing and offices to the Eonia Works at Southwark Park Road, Bermondsey, London. Charles H. Ritz opens a hairdressing business in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, New York. Chesebrough opens a Canadian plant in Montreal. Colgate moves all manufacturing to New Jersey. Coty opens London and Moscow subsidiaries. Denney & Denney, incorporates. Florence Graham goes into business for herself at 509 Fifth Avenue, New York, as Elizabeth Arden. Lightfoot Schultz Company organised in New York by Charles Schultz. Marie Earle company established by M. Earle and N. Earle (Paris). Lehn & Fink becomes a company. Madame C. J. Walker establishes a factory, hair and manicure salon; opens another training school in Indianapolis.
1911	Chesebrough Manufacturing Company becomes independent after the breakup of Standard Oil. F. W. Hampshire opens a branch factory opened in Abbey Street, Ilkeston. Joseph Crosfield and Sons, Ltd, acquired by Brunner Mond & Co. Harold F. Ritchie & Company, Ltd. founded by Harold F. Ritchie. Icilma moves to King’s Road, St. Pancras and establishes a factory. Lashbrow Laboratories started by Benjamin Ansehl (USA). L’Oréal established in Austria. Louis Philippe established by Louis Onesime Philippe in New York. Northam Warren Company founded by Northam Warren in New York. Roger & Gallet, New York established. Seligman & Latz founded by Sidney Seligman and Edwin Latz in New York. Wildroot Company established in Buffalo.
1912	Antoni Cierplikowski (Antoine) opens a hairdressing salon at 5 Rue Cambon, Paris. Atkinsons remodels the building at 24 Old Bond Street, London. Calmon & Neate appointed sole agents for Lesquendieu products in the U.K. Chapstick sold to John Morton who establishes the Morton Manufacturing Corporation to sell it. Coty opens an American branch at 714 Fifth Avenue, New York. Crystal Chemical Company, established in New York. Kathleen Mary Quinlan open a salon at 166 Lexington Avenue, New York. Marie Earle opens a branch at 30 East 57th Street, New York. Melba Manufacturing Company incorporates. Richard Hudnut opens a branch office at 22 Rue Augustine, Paris. R. H. Laird Company (Rose Laird) established in New York.
1913	Andrew Jergens Company, Cincinnati incorporates. A. Bourjois & Co., Inc. (New York) founded at 25 Broad Street, New York. Elmo Sisters incorporates. Erasmic establishes Erasmic et Cie to market its products in France. Harper Method founded by Martha Matilda Harper. Lady Esther founded by Syma Cohen in Chicago. L. Leichner opens a branch in Vienna. L’Oréal established in the Netherlands. Mrs. Pomeroy, Ltd. moves from Carnaby Street to 115 Waltham Road, Harwood Green. Paris Toilet Company founded in Paris, Tennessee by Will T. Warren Jr., W. T. Warren Sr. and Percy Aden.
1914	Antonio Puig S.A. founded by Antonio Puig Castelló (Spain). P. Beiersdorf & Company establishes an affiliate in Vienna, Austria. Colgate & Co., Ltd. established in Montreal, Canada. Elizabeth Arden opens a second salon in Washington, D.C. American department stores begin to stock Arden’s Venetian line. German Oil & Chemical Company incorporates as the Melba Manufacturing Company. Glazo Company established by William Henry Noll in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Guerlain opens new premises at 68 Avenue des Champs-Elysées, Paris. Helena Rubinstein begins wholesaling in America. Lever Brothers acquires a substantial interest in A. & F. Pears. Takeover completed by 1920. Richard Hudnut closed his pharmacy at 925 Broadway, New York.
1915	Armand Company established in Des Moines by Carle Weeks. California Perfume Company, New Jersey incorporates. C. B. Woodworth Sons Company acquired by the State Securities Company and becomes the The C. B. Woodworth Sons Corporation. Charles Nessler leaves England and opened a shop on East 46th Street, New York; Nestle Company organised by Charles Nessler in New York. Doraldina Company founded by Dora Saunders (Doraldina) in Hollywood. Elcaya Company, Inc. founded in New York. Elizabeth Arden moves her New York salon to 673 Fifth Avenue; and opens a laboratory at 665 Fifth Avenue, New York. F. W. Hampshire & Co., Ltd. founded in Derby. Helena Rubinstein opens a New York salon at 15 East 49th Street. Louis Philippe incorporates. Northam Warren Company, New York incorporates; Northam Warren buys shares in Van Dyke & Co. Odorono builds an office and factory in Blair Avenue, Cincinnati. Pepsodent Company, New Mexico founded by Edward Springer & George E. Remley. Maybell Laboratories (Maybelline) founded by Tom Lyle Williams. V. Vivaudou Company, Inc. established by Victor Vivaudou and a group of investors in New York.
1916	A. Bourjois & Co. (New York) moves to 35 West 34th Street. Dorothy Gray opens her first salon at 2 West 57th Street, New York. Dubarry et Cie established in Hove, England; Shop opened at 81 Brompton Road, Knightsbridge. Helena Rubinstein Beauty Products Manufacturing Company established in New York; Salons opened in San Fransisco, Philadelphia and New Orleans. Lehn & Fink incorporates. Max Factor moves to 326 South Hill Street, Los Angeles. Northam Warren begins advertising using the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency. Perfumeria Myrurgia, Ltd. established in Barcelona, Spain. Potter Drug & Chemical Company (Cuticura) opens a laboratory in England. Richard Hudnut opens a perfume Shop opens at 400 Fifth Avenue, New York. V. Vivaudou acquired by the United Drug Company. William R. Warner & Co. acquires the Richard Hudnut Pharmacy Company and the J. A. Pozzoni Pharmacal Company.
1917	Andrew Jergens Company (Canada), Ltd. established. B. J. Johnson Soap Company incorporates as the Palmolive Company. Daggett & Ramsdell moves to 214-216 West 14th Street, New York. Elcaya moves to 148 Madison Avenue, New York. Helena Rubinstein salon opened in Chicago. Madam C. J. Walker hosted the first national convention of her Walker ‘beauty culturists’ in Philadelphia. Noxzema Chemical Company founded by Dr. George A. Bunting in Baltimore, Maryland. Palmolive Company of Canada, Ltd. founded in Toronto, Canada. William R. Warner & Co. moves to new quarters at 113-127 West 18th Street, New York.
1918	Armand Company incorporates. P. Beiersdorf & Company becomes a private limited liability company. Colgate opens a factory in Montreal, Canada. D’Orsay Perfumeries Corporation, New York incorporates. Eugène, Ltd. established by Eugène Sutter (France). Glazo, Co. bought by Edna Grace Albert who moves it to Cincinatti. Hannibal Pharmacal Company formed by Edwin Druin Frier in Hannibal, Missouri to manufacture Neet depilatory. Harriet Hubbard Ayer taken over by Lillian Sefton Thomas after the death of her husband. Helena Rubinstein moves her New York salon to 46 West 57th Street; salon opened in Atlantic City. Houbigant owned by the partners Javal et Bienaiméé. Marie Earle opens a salon in New York. Morny begin to export cosmetics (UK).
1919	A. Bourjois et Cie, Ltd. founded at 66 Carter Lane, London. American Safety Razor Corp. formed from the merger of the Gem, Ever-Ready, and Star companies. Atkinsons establishes J. & E. Atkinson (France), Ltd. (P.C.); and opens a showroom in Paris. Charles Jundt buys the hairdressing salon at the Ritz-Carlton; will become Charles of the Ritz. Joseph Crosfield and Sons, Ltd. and Brunner Mond & Co. acquired by Lever Brothers. Elcaya Company of Canada, Ltd. founded in Montreal. Elizabeth Arden opens salons in San Francisco and Palm Beach. Inecto, Inc. founded by Neal R. Andrews (USA) to sell Inecto hair dyes of M. Gaston Bardou, Paris. International Icilma Trading Company, Ltd. established to distribute Icilma products. Northam Warren establishes a subsidiary in Montreal, Canada. V. Vivaudou sold by the United Drug Company to a New York syndicate that included Victor Vivaudou.

1920	Armand Company purchases D. Weeks & Company and D. C. Leo Company. Atkinsons issues shares most of which are acquired by Crosfield, a subsidiary of Lever Brothers. Aziza founded by Nina Sussman in Paris. Barbasol Company founded in Indianapolis, Indiana. Joseph Crosfield and Sons, Ltd. acquires a substantial interest in J. & E. Atkinson, Ltd. Paul C. Beiersdorf changes its name to P. Beiersdorf & Company GmbH. Boots Pure Drug, Co., Ltd. acquired by the United Drug Company. Cellucotton Products Company established by Kimberley-Clark. Delica Laboratories established by James Leslie Younghusband at 3933 Broadway, Chicago. Elcaya establishes a factory in New York. Elizabeth Arden opens a salon in Detroit; and Paris salon opened in Rue Saint-Honoré. Helena Rubinstein salon opened in Boston. Houbigant Inc. founded in New York. Kathleen Mary Quinlan salon moves to 655 Fifth Avenue. Lehn & Fink build new manufacturing plant and laboratories in Bloomfield, New Jersey. Lever Bothers absorbs Pears Soap. Lowell Company (Primrose House) established in Lowell, Massachusetts by a group of investors; Primrose House salon opens in New York. Noxzema Chemical Company, Baltimore opens first factory. George W. Luft Company (Tangee) founded by George W. Luft in New York. Plough Chemical Company founded by Abe Plough in Memphis Tennessee. Pompeian appoints John Ellis & Coas its distribution agents in the United Kingdom. Recamier Manufacturing Company sold to Anna E. Reynolds. Société des Laboratoires Innoxa founded in Paris. Société des Savons Françias (Monsavon) founded on Rue Martre, Clichy (France). William R. Warner & Company reincorporates in Delaware; building at 115-117 East 29th Street sold. Yardley converted into a public limited liability company.
1921	Alfred Dunhill of London, Inc. formed in New York. Barbasol Company incorporates. P. Beiersdorf & Company GmbH. establishes an affiliate in America. Arden Chemical Company founded in New York; and Elizabeth Arden opens a London salon. Cheramy, Inc. established in New York. Elcaya establishes a factory in Aylmer, Ontaria, Canada. Helena Rubinstein moves the Paris salon to 126 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Houbigant Limitée founded in Montreal. Max Braun establishes an equipment manufacturing workshop (Firma Max Braun) in Frankfurt, Germany. Maurice Lévy Company incorporates. Palmolive Company (Australasia), Ltd. founded in Sydney. Potter Drug & Chemical Company (Cuticura) opens a laboratory in Canada. Richard Hudnut store moves to 392 Fifth Avenue, New York. E. Wertheimer et Cie renamed E. Wertheimer & Fils. Yardley opens an American branch in New York.
1922	Armand buys back Florian, Inc.; Armand, Ltd. opened in St. Thomas, Ontario; and Florian and Armand, Ltd. established in London. A. Bourjois et Cie (Australasia), Ltd. established at 315 Pitt Street, Sydney. Atkinsons moves its wholesale showrooms from 8 Wood Street to 79 Queen Victoria Street, London. A. S. Hinds incorporates as a Delaware company. P. Beiersdorf & Company GmbH. goes public and changes its name to P. Beiersdorf & Company A.G. Celma Company established in Toledo, Ohio. Coty, Inc. formed in New York; labs and assembling plant established at 423 West 55th Street, New York. Cyclax salon opened at 13 & 14 New Bond Street, London. Dorothy Gray establishes a laboratory and begins manufacturing cosmetics for wholesale. Edna Wallace Hopper Company established. Frostilla Company incorporates. Houbigant Limitée moves to 46 St. Alexander Street, Montreal. Icilma bought by Lever Brothers; Icilma Company, Ltd. wound up. Lady Esther incorporates; sales begin in Canada. L. Leichner (England), Ltd. founded. Marie Earle, Inc. organised in New York. Palmolive Company (of England), Ltd. founded in London. Parfums Cheramy S.A. founded in Paris. Parfumerie Houbigant S.A. founded in Paris. Sigmund Pessl takes over the hairdressing and beauty salon in Dianabad. Zonite Products Corporation founded in New York.
1923	Armand establishes Florian et Armand S.A. Paris. Alfred Dunhill, Ltd. founded in London (replaced previous company). Bourjois assets transferred to Wertheimer Frères. Paris store moves to 28 Place Vendôme. Bristol-Myers begin radio advertising (USA). Caron Corporation founded in New York; retail store opened on 5th Avenue; and a local factory established. Chesebrough opens a new American factory at McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. Coty (England), Ltd. created. Crown Chemical Company changes its name to Boncilla Laboratories. Dorothy Gray moves to 116 East 59th Street, New York. Dubarry Perfumery Company, Ltd. founded which then acquires the businesses of Dubarry et Cie and the Standard Tablet Company, Ltd. (UK). Dunhill International, Inc. founded in New York. Elizabeth Arden moves her Paris salon to 2 Rue de la Paix. Lady Esther moves from 441 West Division Street to 5710 Armitage Avenue, Chicago. Luzier Cosmetics, Inc. founded by Thomas L. Luzier in Kansas City. Maybell Laboratories renamed as Maybelline. Pacquin Perfumers incorporated in New York by L. Frantz, H. M. Lester and J. W. Lester. Princess Pat, Ltd. founded by Max Martin Gordon and Fannie Gordon in Chicago. Sigmund Pessl establishes a factory in Vienna. Stickel Company (Kurlash) founded at 380 Cottage Street, Rochester, New York. E. Wertheimer & Fils renamed as Wertheimer Frères.
1924	A. Bourjois et Cie, Ltd. moves to 4 Water Lane, London. Cédib (Université de Beauté) founded by Henriette Valentin-Font at 39 Avenue des Champs-Elysées, Paris. Cheramy Limitée founded in Montreal, Canada. Coty opens London showrooms in Walmar House at 298 Regent Street. Dorothy Gray moves to 753 5th Avenue, New York. Elcaya acquired by Hugh C. MacBride. Fabergé et Cie begun by Alexander and Eugène Carl (Paris). Henry Tetlow incorporates as Henry Tetlow & Company. Houbigant Company Building, built at 539 West 45th Street, New York. Johnson & Johnson opens its first overseas company in the U.K. Le Mur Company organised in Cleveland. Parfumerie Rigaud, Inc. established (USA). Parfums Corday established by Blanche Arvoy in Paris, France. Princess Pat moves to 2709 South Wells Street, Chicago. S.A. Française Alfred Dunhill (SAFAD) formed in Paris. Société des Parfums Lucien Lelong established in Paris. Société Parisienne d'Essences Rares et de Parfums (Isabey) established at 20 Rue Jean-Goujon, Paris. V. Vivaudou acquired by Schulte Retail Stores. Yardley purchases the French perfumery Viville, which operates as Viville-Yardley until the 1930s.
1925	A. Bourjois et Cie (Australasia), Ltd. opens an agency in New Zealand. Antoine de Paris, Ltd. formed in London; salon opened at 38 Dover Street, Mayfair. Elizabeth Arden, Ltd. established in London. Coty, Inc. (USA) becomes a publicly traded company; Les Cultures Florales Méditerranéennes established. Elcaya offices and factory moved to 116-120 East 27th Street, New York. Helene Pessl receives the Dianabad salon and the Pessl perfume factory in a divorce settlement. Innoxa S.A. founded at 35 Rue des Petits-Champs, Paris. Institut de Beauté (Klytia) sold by auction to to Valentin Le Brun. Kathleen Mary Quinlan incorporates. Lehn & Fink Products, Inc. created as a holding company, then acquires Lehn & Fink and A. S. Hinds. L. Leichner (Berlin) opens an London office at 27 Hartcourt Street, Marylebone. Marinello headquarters moves to 72 Fifth Avenue, New York and begins manufacturing in New York. Parfumerie J. Lesquendieu S.A. and La Reine des Cremes S.A. established in France. Parfums Woodworth S.A. established at 44 Rue de Lisbonne, Paris. Princess Pat sold in Canada. Richard Hudnut opens a laboratory at Suresnes, Paris. Vick Chemical Company organised to acquire all of the assets of the old Vick Chemical Company to enable national distribution. V. Vivavidou acquires Alfred H. Smith Company, importers of Djer-Kiss.
1926	Académie Scientifique de Beauté acquired by pharmacist Georges Gay. American Home Products, Inc. established. Antoine de Paris opens a salon at Saks Fifth Avenue, New York. Atkinsons refurbishes the building at 24 Old Bond Street, London. Armand de Mexico S.A. established in Mexico City. Bourjois opens a factory at 71-73 Carter Lane, London. Charles Jundt adopts the Charles of the Ritz brand name. Celma purchases Marie Barlow. Cheramy opens a shop in Paris. Coty buys an interest in Marie Earle; acquires Société Française des Parfums Rallet. Dorothy Gray salon opened in San Francisco. Elizabeth Arden opens a salon in Chicago. Helena Rubinstein American business incorporates; transfers American manufacturing to 65-73 First Avenue, Long Island City; and acquires Crystal Lee, Inc. I. G. Farbenindustrie founded (Germany). Institut de Beauté (Klytia) moves its Paris factory to Levallois-Perret. J. Lesquendieu, Ltd. established in London, England. Lina Cavalieri opens a salon at 61 Avenue Victor Emanuel III, Paris. Mary Dunhill, Ltd. founded in London; opens a salon at 39 Craven Road, Lancaster Gate. Marie Barlow opens new salon and product line at 358 Fifth Avenue, New York. Marie Earle New York salon moves to 659 Fifth Avenue. Martha Matilda Harper incorporates. Northam Warren Corporation acquires the Elcaya Company, Inc. Nymfaun, Inc. sold to Storfer Laboratories. Palmolive and Peet Brothers Manufacturing merge to form the Palmolive-Peet Company. Peggy Sage salon moves to 50 East 57th Street, New York. Primrose House reorganised under new management. Prince Matchabelli Perfumery Company founded by Prince Georges V. Matchabelli in New York. V. Vivavidou creates Parfumerie Melba, Inc. in New York; then acquires the Melba Manufacturing Company of Illinois and abosrbs it into Parfumerie Melba. Vick Chemical Company incorporates.
1927	Antoine de Paris salon opened in Saks Fifth Avenue. Atkinsons establishes J. & E. Atkinson, Ltda S.A. in Buenos Aires, Argentina; and opens factories in Argentina and Montevideo. Eleanor Adair moves her London salon to 30 Old Bond Street. Bonnie Bell Company founded by Jesse Grover Bell in Cleveland, Ohio. Campana Company incorporated by Ernest Morgan Oswalt (USA). Cellucotton Products Company becomes the International Cellucotton Products Company after numerous name changes. Coty moves the London showrooms to 3 Stratford Place; Coty S.A.R. (Rumania) created. Cyclax salon opened in Liverpool. Delica Laboratories, Inc. renamed as Kissproof, Inc. Denney & Denney opens New York office. Dorothy Gray sold to Lehn & Fink; incorporates in New Jersey; salons opened in Chicago and Los Angeles. Elizabeth Arden opens salons in Biarritz and Cannes. Erno Laszlo opens the Institute of Scientific Cosmetology in Budapest. F. W. Hampshire & Co., (1927) Ltd. established. Glyco Chemicals, Inc. founded. Glazo and Odorono open a New York office. Helena Rubinstein moves the New York offices to East 57th Street; opens new salons in Milan and Paris. Helene Pessl opens a beauty school in Vienna. Inecto, Inc. acquires the Marinello Company and the National School of Cosmeticians. Innoxa Laboratories, Inc. opens showrooms and offices in New York. Kathleen Mary Quinlan shares acquired by Lamont, Corliss & Co. Lenthéric acquired by E. R. & Sons. Lucien Lelong establishes an American branch in Chicago, Illinois. Luxor, Ltd. appointed sole agents for Lucien Lelong of Paris. Marie Earle salon opens in Los Angeles, California. Maurice Lévy Company renamed as the Hygienol Company. Max Factor opens a branch office at 444 West Grand Avenue, Chicago. National Mineral Company (Helene Curtis) established by Gerald Gidwitz and Louis P. Stein. N. G. Payot et Y. Beaumevieille S.A.R.L. established in Paris. Paris Toilet Company becomes Golden Peacock, Inc. Plucker & Ahrens, Inc. renamed the Mehron Cosmetic Company following sale to Mehron Melik. Pompeian Manufacturing Company acquired by Colgate. Pond’s Extract opens its first foreign plant in Canada. Primrose House opens a branch at 127 Grant Avenue, San Francisco. Rallet Corporation of America organised by Coty. Richard Hudnut opens a new shop at 20 Rue de la Paix, Paris. William Waltke acquired by Procter and Gamble. Yardley headquarters and showrooms moved to 8 New Bond Street, London.
1928	Académie Scientifique de Beauté opens a beauty school at 376, Rue Saint Honoré, Paris. Armand moves Florian, Inc. headquarters to Detroit. Barbara Gould, Ltd. established by Woodworth at at 392 Fifth Avenue, New York. Beauté, Ltd. (Innoxa) founded in London; London salon and showroom opened at 38 Old Bond Street. Charles of the Ritz incorporates; new laboratory opened at 9-11 University Place, New York Coty, Inc. acquires Marie Earle. Dorothy Gray building erected at 683 Fifth Avenue, New York. Elizabeth Arden opens salons in Madrid, Berlin and Rome. F. W. Hampshire opens the Sunnydale Works factory on Sinfin Lane, Derby; Riverside Works factory closed. Harold F. Ritchie & Company acquires J. C. Eno, Ltd. Helena Rubinstein New York salon moves to 8 East 57th Street; control of the American business sold to Lehman Brothers; Helena Rubinstein Beauty Products Manufacturing Company becomes H. J. T. Beauty Products Manufacturing Company; London salon renovated; and salons opened in Vienna and Toronto. Kimberly, Clark & Company becomes the Kimberly-Clark Corporation. L’Insitut Jeanne Piaubert established by Jeanne Piaubert (Paris). Lehn & Fink moves to the Dorothy Gray Building at 683 Fifth Avenue, New York. L. Leichner (London), Ltd. founded at 11-12 Pollen Street, London. Marie Earle salon opens in Southampton, Long Island. Max Factor Make-up Studio opened at 1666 North Highland Avenue, Hollywood; Max Factor Sales Corporation founded; and Max Factor agency established in London. Nestle Company and LeMur Company merge to form Nestle-LeMur. N. G. Payot salon opened at 12 Rue Richepanse, Paris. Northam Warren (Cutex, Elcaya) purchases the Odorono and Glazo companies. Palmolive-Peet and Colgate merge to form Colgate-Palmolive-Peet. Perfume Associates founded in New York. Primrose House incorporates and moves to 49 West 45th Street, New York. Rose Laird New York salon moves to 785 Fifth Avenue. Sefton-Dodge, Ltd. established at 150 Regent Street, London. Stickel Company renamed Kurlash Company. La Société des Savons Françias (Monsavon) acquired by Société Française des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (L’Oréal). Yardley opens an American factory in New Jersey.
1929	Atkinsons establishes S.A. de Perfumarias J. & E. Atkinson de Brazil; opens factories in Chile and Brazil. A. Bourjois (New York) and Woodworth, Inc. merge into the International Perfume Company, Inc. Armand establishes Carlé Inc. in New York. Bristol-Myers lists on the stock exchange; becomes a part of Drug, Inc. Coty, Inc. (USA) acquires Coty S.A. (France), Coty (England), Ltd., Coty S.A. I. (Italy), Coty S.A. R. (Romania), Coty S.A. B. (Brazil), Coty S.A. M. (Mexico), Les Cultures Florales Mediterranéennes and Société Française des Parfums Rallet. Daggett & Ramsdell acquired by the Standard Oil Company; products sold through the subsidiary, Stanco Distributors, Inc. Dorothy Gray salon opens in the new Dorothy Gray building; and Radio advertising begins (USA). Edna Wallace Hopper acquires Kissproof; Hopper-Kissproof, Inc. formed. Etablissements Klytia S. A. created in Paris; Klytia Corporation founded in New York. Frederick F. Ingram acquired by Bristol-Myers. Hannibal Pharmacal Company sold to a syndicate of New York bankers. Helena Rubinstein founds the Établissements Helena Rubinstein in Paris; begins syndicated radio broadcasting; builds a factory in Toronto; and opens new salons in Madrid, Boston, Detroit and Toronto. International Icilma Trading Company, Ltd. renamed the Icilma Company, Ltd. Kathleen Mary Quinlan Fifth Avenue salon upgraded. Klytia Corporation formed (USA) to sell products of the Klytia Insitut de Beauté of Paris. Lesquendieu, Inc. (New York) acquired by Lehn & Fink Products Corporation. Lever Brothers and Dutch Margarine Union merge to form Unilever; Lever Brothers of America operated as a subsidiary. L. Leichner (Vienna) becomes an independant organisation. Lucien Lelong incorporates with Lucien Lelong as the largest shareholder. Marie Earle Paris salon moves to 15 Rue de la Paix. Max Factor & Company becomes a Delaware corporation.. Neet, Inc. formed to acquire the assets of the Hannibal Pharmacal Company. Odorono offices moved to 191 Hudson Street, New York. Pacquin Perfumers N. Y. changes their name to Pacquin, Inc. Plough Chemical Company changed to Plough, Inc. Pola founded in Shizuoka, Japan by Shinobu Suzuki. Potter & Moore, Ltd. established by W. J. Bush & Co., Ltd. (UK). Primrose House salon moves to 595 Fifth Avenue, New York. Les Parfums du Prince Matchabelli S.A. established in France; and opens a factory there. Princess Pat opens a factory in Toronto, Canada. Ruth D. Maurer Corporation established in New York. Sales Affiliates, Inc. established to sell the products of Marinello and Inecto, Inc.

1930	Affiliated Products, Inc. formed from the merger between Louis Philippe, Neet, and Hopper-Kissproof. Andrevan, Inc. established by Neal R. Andrews and Ralph L. Evans; acquires the stock of Sales Affiliates, Inc., Inecto, Inc., and the Marinello Company. Alexandra de Markoff incorporates in the United States; establishes a salon in New York. Antoine salon opened at Rond-Point d’Armenonville, Cannes. Armand moves Florian, Inc. back to Des Moines. J. & E. Atkinson (Australia), Ltd. founded and factory opened in Sydney,; Kent Brush Sales Corporation appointed American distributor and New York showrooms opened at 411 Fifth Avenue. Barbara Gould, Ltd. (England) established; Paris salon opened. Charles of the Ritz opens salons in the Warwick Hotel, Philadephia and the Altman Building, New Jersey. Colgate-Palmolive-Peet moves its headquarters to Chicago; buys Kirkman & Sons; and the Omega Chemical Company. Coty begins radio advertising (USA). Daggett & Ramsdell move to 2 Park Avenue, New York. Dorothy Gray S.A. established in France; Paris salon opened at 34 Avenue George V. Elizabeth Arden moves the New York salon to 691 Fifth Avenue; and opens new salon in Washington. International Perfume renamed Bourjois, Inc. J. S. Kirk acquired by Procter & Gamble. Koremlu, Inc. founded by Kora M. Lubin. L. Leichner (London) establishes a factory at Leichner House in Brixton. Max Factor closes the South Hill store; International Division established. Peggy Sage incorporates; Northam Warren acquires a substantial interest in the firm. Natone (Neutrogena) founded by Emanuel Stolaroff in Los Angeles. Pompeian Company sold to a consortium. Produits et Appareils de Beauté (P.A.B.) founded at 13 Rue de Rivoli, Paris. Sefton-Dodge, Ltd. (UK) renamed Harriet Hubbard Ayer, Ltd.; London base moved to 130 Regent Street.
1931	Affiliated Products acquires Curran Laboratories, Inc. (Jo-Cur). Allied Products, Inc. founded in New York to take over manufacturing for the California Perfume Company. Antoine de Paris, Inc. established in New York. Almay Cosmetics founded by Alfred and Fanny May Woititz. Barbara Gould salons opened in London, Berlin, Prague, Rome, Vienna, Budapest and Milan. Beauty Counselor founded in Detroit. Clairol founded by Lawrence and Joan Gelb (USA). Clinique La Prairie founded in Montreux, Switzerland by Dr. Paul Niehans. Crystal Products, Co., Ltd. founded in Britain. Harold F. Ritchie & Company and the Shoemaker family acquire Bowne & Scott, Co. (Scotts Emulsion). Helena Rubinstein regains control of her American business. John H. Woodbury Inc. founded in Ohio; and the Jergens-Woodbury Sales Corporation established in Ohio. Lady Esther begins radio advertising. L’Oréal uses a ‘jingle’ in their radio advertising. Max Factor Sales Corporation becomes Sales Builder. Merle Norman started in Santa Monica, California by Merle Nethercutt Norman. Mum Manufacturing Company acquired by Bristol-Myers. Parfumerie Ed. Pinaud Paris incorporates as Pinaud S.A.R.L. Pond’s Extract opens its first foreign plant in Canada. Primrose House offices moved to 400 Madison Avenue, New York. Richard Hudnut opens a new shop and salon at 693 Fifth Avenue, New York. Schefel Brothers begin production of La Cross manicure equipment. Uthagen Laboratories, founded by Dr. Jesse Ray Kirby in Hollywood, California. Yardley retail showrooms moved to Yardley House at 33 Old Bond Street, London.
1932	Armand opens new Canadian factory in East Windsor, Ontario. Aubry Sisters established in New York. Barbara Gould, Ltd. merged with Bourjois, Inc.; Bourjois Sales Corporation and Barbara Gould Sales Corporation established. Coty Manufacturing, Co., Ltd. established (UK). Crystal Products, Co., Ltd. founded in Montreal, Canada. Crystal Products (UK) opens a factory in London. Dana Perfumes Corporation founded (Spain). Dorothy Gray installs her first salon on a Grace Line ship, the Santa Rosa. Douglas Collins & Company, Ltd. established by Douglas Collins and Buzz Stevens. Elmo Sales Corporation established in Philadephia. Gatineau founded in Paris by Madame Jeanne Gatineau. Gordon Gordon (London), Ltd. takes over the distribution Princess Pat in Britain. Helena Rubinstein Helena Rubinstein, Limited in New Zealand; and opens a salon in Vienna. Harriet Hubbard Ayer begins direct selling to retailers. Hudnut Sales, Co. established in New York. Innoxa (England), Ltd. founded; and London factory established. International Laytex Company founded; later known as International Playtex, Inc. Koremlu, Inc. files for bankruptcy. Lady Esther Inc. renamed as Lady Esther, Ltd.; Cosmetics, Inc. founded. Luft-Tangee, Ltd. founded in London. Mehron Cosmetics moves its offices and laboratories from 1674 Broadway to 517 Bergen Street, Brooklyn; and incorporates as Mehron, Inc. Maison Jeurelle, Inc. founded by Colgate-Palmolive-Peet. Mary Chess founded by Grace Mary Chess Robinson in New York. Marie Earle New York salon moves to 714 Fifth Avenue. Northam Warren Sales, Co. established in New York. Parfums Corday, Inc. established in New York by Benson Storfer and C. Lionel Marcus. Pond’s Extract opens first overseas factory in Perivale, London. Primrose House Sales Company established; Factory at 16 Cooper Square, New York enlarged. Revlon Nail Enamel Company founded by Charles Revson, Joseph Revson and Charles R. Lachman in New York. Rudemar Products Corporation founded in New York. William R. Warner (Richard Hudnut) opens a factory at Gray’s Inn Road, London. Yardley & Co., Ltd. established in Union City, New Jersey.
1933	Antoine opens L’École Professionnelle Antoine in Paris. Eleanor Adair moves her London salon to 149 New Bond Street. P. Beiersdorf & Company A.G. establishes its first South American affiliate in Argentina. Bristol-Myers becomes a separate corporation after Drug, Inc is dissolved. Charles of the Ritz (Canada), Ltd. established; and the Velo-Derma Company established after the rights to Velo-Derma were acquired. Daggett & Ramsdell opens a demonstration salon at 62 East Monroe Street, Chicago. Doraldina establishes a New York office at 230 Fifth Avenue. Elizabeth Arden moves Philadelphia and Los Angeles salons; and begins ‘Way to Beauty’ Radio program. Houbigant Sales Corporation established in New York. Jane Seymour founded in London. Leichner (France) liquidated. Lightfoot Schultz Company sold to the American Safety Razor Corporation. Mineralava Laboratories, Inc. formed in New York to take over the Mineralava trademark. Mary Chess opens a store at 334 Park Avenue, New York. Max Factor Manufacturing Corporation established in California; and Max Factor opens a third manufacturing plant. Henry C. Miner, Ltd. established in Britain. N. G. Payot et Y. Beaumevieille S.A.R.L. becomes Laboratoire du Docteur N.-G. Payot S.A. Northam Warren begins radio advertising. Offices moved to the Port Authority Commercial Building. Revlon Nail Enamel Company incorporates. Rudemar Products Corporation goes into liquidation; Rudemar Cosmetics Inc. established. Tre-Jur becomes the agent for Les Parfumeries de Gabilla of Paris in the U.S.A. United Drug Company sells Boots to British investors including John Boot. Vita-Ray Corporation founded in Lowell, Massachusetts by the Ayer Company. Yardley New York sales office and showrooms moved to the Rockefeller Center; London headquarters moved to Sackville house, Piccadilly.
1934	Antoine Chiris and Pierre Dhumez & Co. amalgamate (France). Atkinsons establishes Proprietary Perfumes, Ltd.; larger factory built in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Bourjois (Britain) moves to Queen’s Way, Croydon. Showrooms opened at 2-5 Old Bond Street. Colgate-Palmolive-Peet moves its headquarters to Jersey City. Elizabeth Arden G.m.b.H. established in Berlin; Elizabeth Arden S.A.I. established in Rome; and Maine Chance spa/health farm opened. Elmo opens a New York office. Glazo, Ltd. founded in Britain. Helena Rubinstein opens a salon in Seattle. Lady Esther establishes Packaging, Inc. Lalique severs ties with Coty. Mary Dunhill, Inc. established at 11 East 26th Street, New York. Peggy Sage opens a London salon at 130 New Bond Street. Perfumery Marketing Company replaces Parfumeries de Paris as Houbigant’s British agents. Shulton, Inc. founded by William Lightfoot Shultz in New York.
1935	Antoine de Paris, Inc. (USA) sold to the American Safety Razor, Co. Ar-Ex Cosmetics founded by chemist Julius Kahn. Atkinsons combines its offices, warehouse and factories at the Eonia Works, London. Cyclax (Australia), Ltd. established in Melbourne, Australia. Daggett & Ramsdell open a second demonstration salon at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York. D. Weeks & Company and D. C. Leo Company merge to form Weeks & Leo Company, Inc. Elizabeth Arden (South America) Inc. established; and DeLong Laboratories, Ltd. acquired. Elmo begins radio broadcasting. J. C. Laboratories founded in New jersey and Jacqueline Cochran Salons established in Chicago. Klytia, Ltd. founded in London. Lancôme founded by Armand Petitjean and Guillaume d’Ornano. Max Factor opens the renovated Max Factor Make-up Studio in North Highland Avenue, Hollywood. Guerlain replaces the Rue de la Paix shop with one at Place Vendôme. M. Stein Cosmetic Company acquired by Anstin Alexander and Leon Kutzer. N. G. Payot moves to 10 Rue de Castiglione, Paris. Northam Warren Sales Company established. Outdoor Girl (USA) sold to Affiliated Products, Inc. Parfumerie J. Lesquendieu S.A. incorporates. Peggy Sage establishes a Paris salon at 7 Place Vendôme. Pompeian moves from Emira, New York to Bloomfield, New Jersey. Primrose House Sales Company dissolved. Wasey Products, Inc. founded by Louis R. Wasey in New York. House of Westmore, Inc. (California) established in Los Angeles by Ern, Perc, Mont and Wally Westmore; Westmore Salon of Beauty opens in Hollywood.
1936	Affiliated Products sold to American Home Products. American Home Products acquires Affiliated Products. Antoine opens a salon at 1 Place de la Bourse, Marseille. Benson Storfer acquires controlling interest in Parfums Corday, Inc. (New York). Bourjois factory opened in Sydney, Australia. Caswell-Massey bought by Milton and Ralph Taylor. Charles of the Ritz sold to Benjamin E. Levy. Coty Manufacturing, Co., Ltd. amalgamates with Coty (England), Ltd. Cyclax of London, Inc. established in New York. Dorothy Gray, Ltd. founded in London; London salon opened in Hanover Square. Elmo buys a factory in Philadelphia. Elizabeth Arden, Ltd. established in London; and a second Los Angeles salon opened. Florian et Armand (France) dissolved. Germaine Monteil Cosmetiques Corporation established in New York. Helene Winterstein Cosmetics founded by Helene Winterstein (Austria). Helena Rubinstein moves her New York salon to 715 Fifth Avenue. Hirestra Laboratories, Inc. founded by Robert I. Rheinstrom in New York. Klytia (Institut de Beauté) moves Paris factory to Rue Victor-Hugo. Jacqueline Cochran salons opened in Chicago, Lake Forest, and Los Angeles. Kinu, Ltd. established in London. Lancôme opens a Paris salon. Lehn & Fink Products Corporation established in New York. Mary Chess opens a salon at 7 Shepherd Market, Mayfair, London. Mary Dunhill London salon moved to 34a Craven Road, Lancaster Gate. Max Factor Hollywood and London (Sales), Ltd. established with offices at 16 Old Bond Street, factory at Park Royal and salon at 49 Old Bond Street. Mrs. Pomeroy (Ireland), Ltd. established. Petalskin Toiletries formed in New York. Prince Matchabelli sold to D. Lizner & Co. Yardley opens a beauty salon in Bond Street, London.
1937	J. & E. Atkinson (Australia), Ltd. becomes J. & E. Atkinson Pty., Ltd. Barbara Gould, Inc. established in New York. Carter Medicine Company becomes Carter Products, Inc. Constance Bennett Cosmetics established in Hollywood, California. Cyclax salon opened at 7 East 53rd Street, New York. D. R. Collins, Ltd. (Goya) founded in Britain. Dorothy Gray Salons Company established in London. Dubarry et Cie closes the shop in Brompton Road, Knightsbridge. Elizabeth Arden opens the Gymnasium Moderne in her Fifth Avenue salon; and opens a salon in Montreal. Fabergé, Inc. founded by Samuel Rubin after purchasing the name from Fabergé et Cie. Helena Rubinstein refits her Paris salon;and opens a training school in the Fifth Avenue salon. Harriet Hubbard Ayer Salon de Massage opens at 33 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. SJane Seymour salon moves to 21-22 Grosvenor Street, London. Lady Esther moves to Clearing, Chicago. L. Leichner (London) opens a Make-up Service in Regent Street. Max Factor Studio established at 11 Rue Royal, Paris; London salon moved to 16 Old Bond Street. Pompeian sold to Laco Products, Inc.; and The Pompeian, Co., Ltd. established in Britain. Pond’s Extract begins sponsoring radio programs (USA). Potter & Moore, Ltd. open new London factory. Primrose House creates Delv, Ltd. to sell Delv all-purpose cream. Revlon adds a style department and begins selling in stores as well as salons. Rudemar Distributing Company formed in Philadelphia. Elsa Schiaparelli forms a company in the United States.
1938	Alfred D. McKelvy Company (Seaforth) founded by Alfred D. McKelvy. American Glazo and Elcaya sold to Louis W. Halk. Atkinsons builds new factory n Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cyclax (S.A.), Ltd. established in Johannesburg, South Africa. Doraldina, Inc. establishes a New York office at 230 5th Avenue. Elizabeth Arden opens a salon in Honolulu. Gouband of Paris starts in New York. Helene Pessl loses her business and moves to New York. House of Westmore, Inc. (New York) established at 730 Fifth Ave., New York. Icilma St. Pancras factory closed; manufacturing moves to A. & F. Pears in Isleworth, London. Luft-Tangee (Canada), Ltd. incorporates. McLeans acquired by Beecham. Myram Picker, Ltd. founded in Britain. Potter & Moore established in America. Revlon Export Corporation organised. Texas Pharmacal Company founded.
1939	Antoine de Paris, Inc. (USA) moves offices to 663 Fifth Avenue. Beecham acquires County Perfumery Company, Ltd., manufacturers of Brylcreem. California Perfume Company renamed as Avon Products, Inc. Charles of the Ritz acquires Doraldina; and founds Charles of the Ritz Distributors, Ltd., London. Cosmétique Sans Soucis established in Baden-Baden, Germany by Walter Friedmann. Coty split into a U.S.A. based company and Coty International based in Panama. Cyclax (N.Z.), Ltd. established in Wellington, New Zealand. Elizabeth Arden moves Paris salon to Place Vendôme; and opens a new British factory in North Acton. Erno Laszlo opens the Laszlo Institute in New York. Frances Denney New York office moved to 619 Fifth Avenue. Guerlain opens a Beauty Institute at its Champs-Elysées store. Helena Rubinstein salon in Vienna closes; and Polaroid Dermoscope Skin Analyser introduced. Jacqueline Cochran moves her laboratory to 42 Miller Street, Newark. Max Factor Manufacturing Corporation dissolved; Max Factor & Co., Ltd. founded in London. Peggy Sage refurbishes her New York salon. Revlon Nail Enamel Corporation changes its name to Revlon Products Corporation. Shulton opens new showrooms and offices in the Rockefeller Centre, New York; new assembly facilities opened in Hoboken, New Jersey. Société des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux renamed as L’Oréal.

1940	Aziza Eye Cosmetics Company established in New York. Barbara Gould S.A. founded in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris. Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, Ltd. established in Great Britain. Coty creates Omnium de Participations Industries de Luxe S.A. (Panama) and Bema Corporation S.A. (Panama). Dana Perfumes starts in the U.S.A. Harriet Hubbard Ayer withdrawn from sale in Britain. Jacqueline Cochran moves to 630 Fifth Avenue, New York. Max Factor established in Manila, The Philippines and Canada. Mary Dunhill, Ltd. ceases trading. Milkmaid, Inc. established in New York. Mrs. Pomeroy bought by F. W. Hampshire. Northam Warren moves to Stamford, Connecticut. Perfumery Marketing Company office in London closes.
1941	Doudney and, Co. becomes distributor for Atkinsons and Erasmic. Changes its name to Atkinson and Erasmic, Ltd. Germaine Monteil Parfums, Inc. founded in New York. Helena Rubinstein opens the House of Gourielli at 16 East 55th Street, New York. Helene Pessl (Vienna) renamed as Paraderma. Kathleen Mary Quinlan, Inc. acquired by Benson Storfer; executive offices moved to 565 Fifth Avenue. Max Factor established in Cuba. Milkmaid, Inc. opens showrooms at 647 Fifth Avenue, New York. Primrose House salon moves to 379 Park Avenue, New York. Vick Chemical Company acquires Prince Matchabelli, Inc. and the Alfred D. McKelvy Company (Seaforth).
1942	Alfred D. McKelvy Company (Seaforth) headquarters moved to 10 Rockefeller Plaza, New York; factory moved to Greenwich, Connecticut. Chas. Pfizer & Company, Inc. becomes a public company. Daggett & Ramsdell lease space at 719-723 Greenwich Street, New York. Germaine Monteil gives up the fashion business and concentrates on cosmetics. Helene Pessl, Inc. founded in New York. Helena Rubinstein introduces the Five-Day Wonder Course; and opens a Bare-Leg Bar in her Fifth Avenue salon. Pears becomes the distributor for Atkinsons, Erasmic, Proprietary Perfumes, Crown Perfumery and Icilma.
1943	Procter & Gamble creates a drug division to sell its toilet goods. Helen Neuschaefer, Inc. (New York) and the Lacquerite Company (New Jersey) founded by Helen Neuschaefer.
1944	Chen Yu, Inc. established in Chicago. Elizabeth Arden buys the Aeolian Building in New York. Johnson & Johnson lists on the New York Stock Exchange. Mary Dunhill, Ltd. acquired by Alfred Dunhill, Ltd. Max Factor opens New York buying office at 730 Fifth Avenue; and opens a branch in Mexico. Peggy Sage, Inc. established in Australia. Pepsodent Company acquired by Unilever. Toni Home Permanent Company founded by Richard Neisen Harris and Irving B. Harris.
1945	Cosmair becomes L’Oréal’s agent in the U.S.A. Coty sales and executive offices in New York moved to 730 Fifth Avenue. Crystal Products factory established in Surbiton, Surrey.. Divapharma pharmaceutical laboratory (Juvena), founded in Zurich. Kryolan GmbH. established by Arnold Langer and Heinz Krause in Berlin. Lehn & Fink Products Corporation acquires Schülke & Mayr and its worldwide rights for Lysol. L. Leichner building in Berlin destroyed by Allied bombing. Peggy Sage buys the building at 54 East 57th Street, New York. Revlon acquires Graef & Schmidt, Inc., New York. United Drug Company becomes United-Rexall Drug, Inc.
1946	Alfred Dunhill Men’s Toiletries, Ltd. founded in New York by Dunhill International. Coty England opens a salon at 3 New Bond Street, London. D. R. Collins, Ltd. (Goya) moves to Amersham. Elizabeth Arden de Mexico, Inc. and Elizabeth Arden de Cuba, Inc. established; and Maine Chance farm in Arizona opened. Estée Lauder founded by Estée and Joseph Lauder in New York. Gala of London, Ltd. established. Helena Rubinstein opens a perfume factory in Grasse. Kathleen Mary Quinlan, Inc. sold to William E. Weiss, Jr. (Natcor Industries, Inc); salon moved to 487 Park Avenue Jacqueline Cochran buys Hirestra Laboratories. L. Leichner (London) opens a Make-up Studio in Newport Street. Maison Jeurelle purchased by the Emerson Drug Company. Mary Chess purchased by Saunders P. Jones. Max Factor buys Sales Builders, Inc., the Max Factor distributors in America; and opens branches in Australia, South Africa, Argentina and Brazil. Mrs. Pomeroy recapitalises. National Industries, Inc. becomes Helene Curtis Industries, Inc. Revlon opens a Chicago office at 55 East Washington Square; Revlon Products (Great Britain), Ltd. established in London. Shulton factory opens in Clifton, New Jersey; establishes a subsidiary in Mexico. Stendhal founded by Roger Thirion at 25 Rue Royal, Paris. Vick Chemical Company purchases the Sofskin Company. Wella Hairdressing Requirements GmbH. founded in Berlin by Karl and Georg Ströher. William R. Warner (Richard Hudnut) acquires Courtley, Inc. Yardley head office, perfume laboratory, art department and salon moved to Yardley House, London.
1947	Bourjois (Eastern), Ltd. created in India. Charles of the Ritz buys Cosmos Chemical. Chesebrough opens a branch in India. Colgate-Palmolive-Peet acquires Kay Daumit, Inc. Coty Manufacturing, Co., Ltd. (UK) established. Dorothy Gray takes over the American distribution of Suzy Perfumes; New York salon moved to 445 Park Avenue. Estée Lauder establishes its first department store account with Saks, New York City. Eylure, Ltd. established by David and Eric Aylott (UK). Gala of London opens a shop in Burlington Arcade. Goya, Ltd. founded. Guerlain opens a factory in Courbevoie to replace the one at Bécon-les-Bruyères destroyed in the war. Harriet Hubbard Ayer acquired by Lever Brothers, the American arm of Unilever. Henry Brooks buys the Alexandra de Markoff Facial Preparations Company. Jacqueline Cochran incorporates. Lancaster S.A.M. established in Monaco by Georges W¨rz. Lehn & Fink Products Corporation leases a new plant in Lincoln, Nebraska. Leichner (Buenos Aires) liquidated. Max Factor opens a branch in Ireland; and new factory in Bournemouth, England. N. G. Payot manufacturing plant and laboratories moved to Bois-Colombes. Orlane founded by Guillaume d’Ornano and his two sons Hubert and Michel. Parfums Christian Dior of Paris founded by Serge Heftler. United-Rexall Drug, Inc. becomes Rexall Drug, Inc.
1948	Armour & Company sells Luxor to Unilever. Daggett & Ramsdell purchased from Standard Oil by a New York investor group; begins selling the Debutante line through the Fuller Brush Company. Elizabeth Arden de Columbia, Inc. established. Givaudan acquires Ersolko S.A. and enters the flavor industry. Harriet Hubbard Ayer Salon de Coiffure opens at 89 Rue du Faubourg, Paris. Hazel Bishop, Inc. formed (USA). Helena Rubinstein founds Helena Rubinstein (Eire), Ltd. in Ireland; and moves the New York salon and executive offices to 655 Fifth Avenue. Innoxa salon officially opened at 170 New Bond Street, London. Lancaster opens a factory in Monte-Carlo. Max Factor opens a branch in Italy. Rallet Corporation of America established in New York as a Coty subsidiary. Revlon opens its first foreign factory in Mexico. Shulton subsidiary established in Canada. Sunnydale Products, Ltd. created by F. W. Hampshire, and Reckitt & Sons. Toni Home Permanent Company acquired by Gillette Safety Razor Company. William R. Warner (Richard Hudnut) purchases Chen Yu, Inc.
1949	Charles of the Ritz buys Alexandra de Markoff. Chen Yu, Ltd. founded in Britain. Delettez line of beauty products purchased from Universal Laboratories by Associated Brands, Inc. Helen Neuschaefer, Inc. moves its headquarters to College Point, New York State. Jacqueline Cochran acquires the American distribution rights to Nina Ricci perfumes. Nestle-LeMur merges with the Joubert group of companies (Pinaud, Irresistible, Blue Waltz); acquires Mavis brand of toiletries; buys Djer-Kiss brand. Schieffelin & Company buys Almay, Inc. St. Pierre Epilator Company set up by Arthur Hinkel and Henri E. St.Pierre in California. Toni Home Permanent Company dissolved and becomes a division of Gillette.

1950	Armand merged into the Weeks & Leo Company. Biotherm skin-care established. Bourjois soap factory opened at 452 Basingstoke Road, Reading. Clearasil, Inc. founded by Ivan D. Combe in New York. Jacqueline Cochran buys Parfums Charbert. Pompeian, Co., Ltd. (UK) liquidated. Pond’s Extract stops distributing its products through Lamont, Corliss and Company and sets up its own selling organisation. Revlon Export Corporation becomes Revlon International Corporation; and factory opened in Brazil. RoC founded by Jean-Charles Lissarange (France). Shulton establishes a Fine Chemicals Division. William R. Warner and Richard Hudnut merged to form Warner-Hudnut, Inc.; West Coast headquarters opened at 2340 Eastern Avenue, Los Angeles. Wella Hairdressing Requirements GmbH. renamed as Well A.G.
1951	Carmen Cosmetics founded by Carmen Murphy in Detroit. Colgate-Palmolive-Peet opens new factory in Kansas City. F. W. Hampshire buys Maureen Baun. Goya factory constructed in Raans Road, Amersham. Helena Rubinstein opens new London salon at 3 Grafton Street. Pond’s Extract sponsors its first television show (USA). Revlon opens factories in England and France. Yardley opens its first British depot outside London in Liverpool.
1952	Adams National Industries (Olay) established in South Africa by Graham Wulff and Jack Lowe. Biotherm founded by a group of dermatologists from Molitg-Les-Bains. Daggett & Ramsdell merges its sales force with Zonite Products Corporation. Dermetics, Inc. acquired by Rilling, Co., New York. D. R. Collins, Ltd. (Goya) merges with J. C. & J. Field, Ltd. E. R. Squibb & Sons (including Lenthéric) acquired by Mathieson Chemical. Gillette Safety Razor Company renamed as the Gillette Company. Harriet Hubbard Ayer relocated to Lever House at 390 Park Avenue, New York. Helena Rubinstein opens a new salon in Washington; and establishes a new American factory at East Hills, Long Island. Innoxa (England) opens a factory in South Africa. Payot reintroduced into Britain. A. & F. Pears combined with D. & W. Gibbs. Richards & Appleby, Ltd. established (UK). Rimmel opens a new salon at 70 Park Lane, London.
1953	Bourjois and Barbara Gould combine sales forces in America. Chesebrough opens a factory in Melbourne, Australia. Colgate-Palmolive-Peet renamed as Colgate-Palmolive; and creates Colgate-Palmolive International. Cosmair, Inc., New Jersey created and becomes the exclusive licensee of the L’Oréal products in the United States. Coty buys a controlling interest in Société des Parfums Lucien Lelong (Paris) and Lucien LeLong, Inc. (Chicago); operations conducted by a new corporation, Lucien Lelong, Co. (New York). Cyclax factory completed in Harlow New Town, Essex, Great Britain. Germaine Monteil Parfums separated from Germaine Monteil Cosmetiques. Harriet Hubbard Ayer begins door-to-door selling. Helene Pessl opens a factory in New Rochelle. Icilma distribution moved from A. & F. Pears to Pepsodent (Sales), Ltd. Lady Esther bought by Zonite Products Corporation. L Leichner (London) Make-up Studio moves to Cranbourne Street. Mathieson Chemical (including E. R. Squibb and Lenthéric) acquired by Olin Industries to become Olin Mathieson Chemical. Max Factor opens a branch in Japan. Payot introduced into Brazil; and Laboratoire du docteur N. G. Payot, Genève, S.A. founded. (Switzerland).
1954	Atkinsons moves its manufacturing to a site owned by Joseph Watson and Sons. Aziza Eye Cosmetics Company sold to Mauvel, Ltd. Chesebrough opens a new research laboratory at the Perth, Amboy plant. Institut Clarins opened at 35 Rue Tronchet, Paris by Jacques Courtin. Coty, Inc. organises General Beauty Products, Inc. to distribute Lucien Lelong, Marie Earle and Lilly Daché in America. Helena Rubinstein opens new factories in California and Canada; opens new Gourielli Men’s Shop at 55th Street, New York. Innoxa (England) opens a factory in Australia. Juvena established by Edmund Georg Locher in Zürich, Switzerland. Lilly Daché Beauty Salon opened at 78 East 56th Street, New York. Max Factor starts manufacturing in India. Nestle-LeMur buys the American branch of Harriet Hubbard Ayer from Lever Brothers (European operations of Harriet Hubbard Ayer kept by French Unilever); Nestle-LeMur acquires the Nestle brand in England; Harriet Hubbard Ayer stops door-to-door selling. Payot Laboratories, Inc. founded in New York. Peggy Sage Corporation founded in New York; Mary Chess takes over distribution of Peggy Sage in the United States.
1955	Bristol-Myers acquires Luzier, Inc. Charles of the Ritz established in France; opens new salon at 3 Hill Street, Mayfair, London. Chesebrough Manufacturing Company merges with the Pond’s Extract Company to form Chesebrough-Pond’s. Daggett & Ramsdell buys Primrose House. Fabergé, Inc. buys Julliette Marglen, Inc., manufacturer of nail-care preparations. F. W. Hampshire closes the Globe Works factory in Riddings. Lakmé Cosmetics launched in India with talcum powder and lipsticks. Max Factor establishes a Pharmaceutical Division; opens new London salon at 28 Old Bond Street. Monico Inc., a Bourjois subsidiary, founded in New York. Nestle-LeMur buys the Canadian branch of Harriet Hubbard Ayer from Lever Brother; acquires Milkmaid, Inc. which is integrated with the Harriet Hubbard Ayer division. Revlon sponsors the television program ‘The $64,000 Question’; Revlon Products Corporation renamed as Revlon, Inc. and goes public; also establishes a Pharmaceutical Division. Shulton buys A. Maschmeijer Jr., Ltd., New York. Vick creates Matchabelli-Seaforth division based at 415 Madison Avenue, New York. Warner-Hudnut merges with Lambert Pharmacal to form the Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company; sells the Courtley line of men’s toiletries to Lee, Ltd.; Hudnut salon at 693 Fifth Avenue closes. Yardley of London (Africa) Pty., Ltd. established. Zonite Products Corporation changes its name to Chemway Corporation.
1956	Charles of the Ritz salon opens at 51 Avenue Montaigne, Paris. Colgate-Palmolive moves its headquarters to New York. Elmo sold to Apex Beauty Products. Helena Rubinstein closes the Gourielli Men’s Shop. Helene Curtis Industries becomes a public company; acquires Lenthéric, King’s Men (toiletries), and Jules Montenier, Inc. (Stopette). Lehn & Fink Products Corporation acquires The Ogilvie Sisters and integrates it into Dorothy Gray. Max Factor acquires Sales Builders, Inc; buys Lee, Ltd.; renames the Pharmaceutical Division as the Pharmaceutical and Speciality Division; establishes the Project Development Division for the creation of new products; opens a new office/laboratory at 1655 North McCadden Place, Hollywood; and refurbishes the Paris factory. Nestle-LaMer establishes Nestle-LaMer International, Inc. to handle exports. Peggy Sage assumes distribution of their products previously done by Mary Chess. Revlon establishes Thayer Laboratories, a drug division. Shulton establishes a Pharmaceutical Division; International Division set up; becomes a public company. Unlever acquires the French company Thibaud Gibbs. Warner-Lambert opens new showroom in New York; Hudnut manufacturing and offices moved to Lititz, Pennsylvania; and New British manufacturing laboratory opened in Chesnut Avenue, Eastleigh, Hants.
1957	Charles of the Ritz establishes the Ritz School of Advance Hair Fashions, Ltd. in New York. Coty GmbH. established in Mainz, Germany; Coty S.A.M. (Mexico) liquidated. Guerlain opens a third Paris store on Rue de Passy. Kurlash sold to the Glemby Company and the House of Westmore (New York). Plough, Inc. buys the Coppertone Sales Company of Miami. Produits de Beauté Antoine S.A. established in Paris. Shiseido begins international operations. Shulton (Great Britain), Ltd. established at 160 Piccadilly, London.
1958	Antoine de Paris (USA) sold to Lanvin Parfums. Atkinsons updates its London beauty salon. Bristol-Myers buys Khasana (West Germany). Campana Corporation acquired by Allied Laboratories. Care Laboratories, Ltd. established in Britain Chesebrough-Pond’s, Inc. acquires Prince Matchabelli, Seaforth, and Sofskin from Vick Chemical Company; Sofskin resold. Daggett & Ramsdell merges with the Barcley Corset Company. Fragrance Products Corporation founded in New York; Estée Lauder products available in Canada. Griffith Hughes buys J. C. & J. Field and sells D. R. Collins (Goya, and Jane Seymour) to Douglas Collins. Ingram Menthol Company established by James Field; acquires the Ingram name and goodwill from Bristol-Myers. International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. (IFF) formed from the merger between Polak & Schwarz and van Ameringen-Haebler. Marcelle Cosmetics, Inc. acquired by The Borden Company. Mary Chess buys Parfums Schiaparelli. Max Factor merges Pharmaceutical and Specialties Division and the U.S.A. Cosmetics Division; opens a new manufacturing plant and warehouse in Hawthorne, California; and a new factory in Mexico City. Parfums Christian Dior acquired by the Möet-Hennessy group. Plough, Inc. acquires Lanotan, Inc. Revlon, Inc. acquires an interest in Schick, Inc. Rexall Drug, Inc. becomes the Rexall Drug & Chemical Company. Shulton moves its headquarters to larger offices in the Rockefeller Center; establishes a subsidiary in Venezuela. Société des Essences Aromatiques et Matières Premières founded in Monaco by Georges Würz and Dr. Eugène Frezzati.
1959	Abbey Parfumerie, Co., Ltd. becomes Houbigant’s distributor in the United Kingdom and Eire. Adrien Arpel founded by Adrien Arpel. Amway Corporation founded. Avon enters the British market. Bristol-Myers acquires Clairol. Charles of the Ritz acquires Anatole Robbins and the Venus Pen & Pencil Corporation. Chesebrough-Pond’s, Inc. acquires Aziza Eye Cosmetics Division of Mauvel, Ltd. Colgate-Palmolive purchases the Wildroot Company. Estée Lauder moves New York headquarters to 666 Fifth Avenue. Germaine Monteil buys Tuvaché, Inc. L’Oréal opens its first international subsidiary in Brazil. Revlon acquires the American and Canadian distribution rights of Revillon Parfums of Paris; buys Bressard Hair Products Corporation and Bressard Distributors, Inc.; and opens the House of Revlon salon in New York. Yardley House in Old Bond Street extended and modernised; Yardley International Research Laboratories established in Union City, New Jersey.

1960	Bourjois acquires Helene Pessl. Chesebrough-Pond’s acquires Northam Warren (Peggy Sage, Cutex, Odorono, Glazo, and Keen Edge Cutlery). Coty sells Marie Earle, Lucien LeLong, and Lilly Daché to Mary Chess; Mary Chess moves to 597 Fifth Avenue, New York. Dorothy Gray opens a showroom 8 Grosvenor Road, London. Dow Chemical Company acquires Allied Laboratories including Campana. Elmo sold to Parry Laboratories. Estée Lauder Cosmetics, Ltd. founded in London. Kanebo acquires Kanegafuchi Chemical Industries. National Toilet Company of Paris, Tennessee, acquired by the Chattem Drug and Chemical Company. Reckitt & Colman, Ltd. buys D. R. Collins, Ltd. (Goya, Jane Seymour, and Care Laboratories). Revlon acquires Les Parfums Pierre Balmain S.A. Paris; buys the Realistic Company of Cincinnati; and establishes Revlon Professional aimed at the professional salon industry. Shulton acquires Tecnique, Inc. Studio Girl acquired by Helene Curtis Industries, Inc. Vick Chemical Company buys Clearasil, Inc.; and changes its name to Richardson-Merrell, Inc.
1961	Andrew Jergens becomes a public company. W. J. Bush & Co., Ltd. (including Potter & Moore) acquired by Albright & Wilson. Charles of the Ritz becomes a public company. Chas. Pfizer purchases the Thomas Leeming & Company, Ltd. and Pacquin, Inc. Elmo sold to E. A. Tracey Enterprises. Germaine Monteil becomes available in the U.K. Girl Cosmetics, Ltd. established in Britain. Helena Rubinstein opens the Little Theatre in the New York salon. Helene Curtis enters U.K. market. House of Westmore (New York) buys the rest of Kurlash. Innoxa (England) headquarters moved to Essex Road, London. Lancaster de Paris, Ltd. established in Britain. Lanolin Plus acquires Lilly Daché Cosmetics, Inc. Maradel Products, Inc. incorporates in New York. Max Factor becomes a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange; acquires Parfums Corday, Inc. and its subsidiaries; opens a new distribution centre in Des Plaines, Illinois. Monsavon acquired by Procter & Gamble. Redken Laboratories, Inc. launched by Paula Kent Meeham. Revlon opens the House of Revlon salon at 698 Fifth Avenue, New York. Shulton buys the Aerosol Corporation of America; establishes a Home Products Division and Colfax Laboratories. Yardley factory built in Union Avenue, Totowa, New Jersey.
1962	Barbasol Company bought by Chas. Pfizer. Braun becomes Braun A.G., a publicly traded company. Chesebrough-Pond’s acquires Q-Tips, Inc. and Vasenol Werke (West Germany); sells Seaforth to Mary Chess. Charles of the Ritz S.A. established in France. Coty International Corporation (Delaware) and Omnium de Participations Industries de Luxe S.A. (Panama) dissolved. Daggett & Ramsdell sold to Exquisite Form Industries, Inc. Dubarry Perfumery, Co., Ltd. sold to the British subsidiary of Warner-Lambert. Gala Cosmetic Group, Ltd. (Outdoor Girl, Miner’s, and Gala of London) established in Britain. Helena Rubinstein opens a factory in Tel Aviv, Israel. Helene Curtis Industries creates Studio Girl division to sell door-to-door. House of Westmore (New York) acquires Diamon-Deb, Inc. and combines it with Kurlash. Innoxa open a salon in Cyprus. Kryolan GmbH. acquires the make-up firm, Brändel GmbH. Hazel Bishop, Inc. and Lanolin Plus merge to form Bishop Industries. Natone renamed as Neutrogena Corporation. Maradel Products acquires Sally Hansen, Inc. Max Factor opens a new factory in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Purex Corporation, Ltd. buys Campana Corporation from the Dow Chemical Company. Revlon Research Centre, Inc. established in New York.
1963	Andrew Jergens Company (UK), Ltd. established. Antoine de Paris (USA) sold to Charles of the Ritz. American Cyanamid acquires Breck. Atkinsons U.K. business transferred to E. R. Holloway, Ltd. Bunting Chemical Company merges with the Noxzema Chemical Company. ChapStick rights sold to A. H. Robbins Company. Charles of the Ritz buys Antoine de Paris. Coty, Inc. and Coty International acquired by Chas. Pfizer & Co., Inc. Erida Productions, Ltd. founded by Eric and David Aylott; and Eylure (of London), Inc. founded in New York. Dorothy Gray established in Australia. Dubarry Perfumery moved to East Hampshire. Fragrance Products becomes Estée Lauder, Inc. Givaudan acquired by Roche. Jacqueline Cochran purchases the Allen B. Wrisley Company. Kurlash-Diamon Deb sold to Harold M. Mitchell, Inc. Lanvin Parfums, Ltd. acquires Jean Naté. L’Oréal lists on the Paris stock exchange. Maradel Products acquires the House of Tre-Jur, Inc. Marinello Schools purchased by Scope Industries with headquarters located in Los Angeles. Mary Dunhill, Ltd. renamed as Dunhill Toiletries, Ltd. Mary Kay founded by Mary Kay Ash in Dallas, Texas. Max Factor opens a new factory in Toronto, Canada.; and opens a new branch in San Juan, Puerto Rico. René Guinot establishes René Guinot Company (France). Revlon manufacturing and sales established in Japan. Shulton acquires the E. Wright Company, Decatur, Illinois.
1964	Aramis, Inc. founded in New York; and Estée Lauder Hemisphere Corporation founded. Charles of the Ritz merges with Lanvin to form Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz, Inc.; creates Parfums Yves Saint Laurent in Sarl, Paris. Eylure Wigs, Ltd. founded in London. Fabergé, Inc. sold to Rayette, Inc. which changed its name to Rayette-Fabergé, Inc. House of Westmore (New York) sells Kurlash-Diamon Deb to Harold M. Mitchell, Inc. International Flavors & Fragrances (I.F.F.) becomes a public company. L’Oréal acquires Lancôme. John Robert Powers Products, Co., Inc. bought by The Borden Company. Max Factor opens a new regional office in the Bankers Trust Building at 280 Park Avenue, New York. Nestle-LeMur buys Lucien Lelong, Marie Earle and Seaforth from Mary Chess, Inc. Revlon acquires Belvedere Products, makers of salon equipment and Belmont Laboratories (Mazon dermatologicals). Richards & Appleby, Ltd. buy Personality Beauty Products (UK). Warner-Lambert buys the West Indies Bay Company (St. Johns). Yardley of London, Ltd. and Yardley International, Ltd. created.
1965	Beecham acquires Margaret Astor. Carter Products, Inc. renamed Carter-Wallace, Inc. Clairol announces they are entering the cosmetics business. Coty begins sales in Japan. F. W. Hampshire bought by Reckitt & Colman. Hazel Bishop acquires Raymond Research Corporation. Helena Rubinstein opens a factory in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Houbigant acquired by Enrico Donati. House of Westmore (Hollywood) closes the Westmore Salon of Beauty. Lancaster Boutique opened at 65 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz acquires Yves Saint Laurent from J. Mack Robinson. L’Oréal acquires Garnier. Max Factor opens a new distribution centre in Gardena, California. The Polly Bergen Company established by Polly Bergen. Richards & Appleby, Ltd. appointed U.K. distributors of Maybelline. Revlon sells Schick Electric, Inc. Shulton acquires Jacqueline Cochran; establishes a Franchise Cosmetics Division.
1966	Albright & Wilson form Bush Boake Allen, Ltd. from the merger of W. J. Bush & Co., Ltd. (including Potter & Moore), A. Boake Roberts & Co., Ltd. and Stafford Allen & Sons, Ltd. Andrew Jergens Company (UK), Ltd. liquidated. Chesebrough-Pond’s acquires Erno Laszlo Institute. Eylure builds a new factory in Cwmbran, South Wales. Gala Cosmetic International, Ltd. founded. Innoxa (England), Ltd. acquires L. Leichner (London), Ltd. Jean Patou, Inc., the American affiliate of Jean Patou, Paris, bought by The Borden Company. Gala Cosmetic Group, Ltd. create a subsidiary, Mary Quant Cosmetics, Ltd. Golden Peacock, Inc. renamed as The Mitchum Company. Lady Esther Kosmetik GmbH established in Munich, West Germany. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz acquires a factory in Homdel, New Jersey from Mattel, Inc. Lehn & Fink Products Corporation (including Dorothy Gray, Tussy, and S. A. Hinds) acquired by Sterling Drug, Inc. Maradel Products renamed as Del Laboratories. Max Factor executive offices moved to the Max Factor building at 6922 Hollywood Boulevard, Hollywood. Noxzema Chemical Company changes its name to Noxell Corporation. Orlane opens the Institut Orlane in Avenue George V, Paris. Revlon acquires the U.S. Vitamin & Pharmaceutical Corporation and Raphael Parfums S.A. France. Rexall Drug & Chemical Company acquires Vanda Cosmetics. Shulton buys J. Warren Kane, Inc. which becomes Carven Distributors, Inc. after a name change. Yardley relocates from High Street, Stratford, to Miles Gray Road, Basildon. Warner-Lambert acquires Texas Pharmacal (Allercreme). Whitman Laboratories, Ltd. registered in Ontario, Canada; branch established in Britain.
1967	Alfred Dunhill of London, Inc. (New York) bought by Alfred Dunhill, Ltd. (London). Barbara Gould relaunched in Britain at 2 Old Bond Street, London. Beecham Group acquires Lancaster, Monte Carlo. Bristol-Myers and the Mead Johnson Company merge. Chesebrough-Pond’s acquires Royall Lyme, Ltd., makers of men’s toiletries. P. Beiersdorf & Company A.G. changes its name to Beiersdorf A.G. Del Laboratories buys Rejuvia, Inc. (Flame-Glo) Divex, Inc. acquires Laco Products, Inc. Estée Lauder opens factory in Long Island; Research and development laboratory opened in Melville, New York; and Whitman Laboratories factory established in Hampshire, England. Eylure Cosmetics, Ltd. founded in New Zealand. Gillette acquires Braun A.G. Harriet Hubbard Ayer sold to the Standard Metals Corporation. Hazel Bishop acquires Veri-Tone of Newark, N.J. and Beadmore, Inc. Helena Rubinstein buys its Mexican distributer, Cullen S.A. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz acquires the Dureen Soap Corporation. Lenthéric, Ltd. bought by British American Tobacco (BAT) along with world-wide interests in Lenthéric, including American and Canadian companies, from Helene Curtis. Maybelline acquired by Plough, Inc. Max Factor opens a new branch in El Salvador. Shiseido cosmetics established in America. Shulton merges Colfax Laboratories into its Cosmetics & Toiletries Division and Carven perfumes into Jacqueline Cochran; acquires world-wide distribution rights of Pierre Cardin perfumes and toiletries. Standard Metals Corporation acquires Michel Cosmetics, Inc., Harriet Hubbard Ayer, Inc. and the Herb Farm Shops, Ltd. Yardley bought by British American Tobacco (BAT).
1968	Houbigant Inc. acquires Abby Parfumerie, Ltd. which then changes its name to Houbigant, Ltd. Albright & Wilson (who own Potter & Moore, Ltd.) sold to E. C. de Witt & Co. C. L. Allergenics, Inc. founded in New York. J. & E. Atkinson GmbH founded in West Germany. Beech-Nut Life Savers merges with Squibb (part of the Olin Corporation) to form the Squibb Beech-Nut Corporation. Chesebrough-Pond’s buys Société Francaise de Distribution, S.A. (SFD) and Consortium Méditerranée de Parfumerie S.A. (CMP). Coty manufacturing ceases in Canada. Dell Laboratories (formerly Maradel Products) acquires Mary Chess, Inc. and Schiaparelli, Inc. S. A. Française Alfred Dunhill acquires Les Parfums de Molyneux S.A. Eve of Roma acquired by American Gillette. Elyure opens the ‘Let’s Face It’ make-up centre in Grosvenor Street, London. Germaine Monteil and Tuvaché acquired by British American Tobacco (BAT). Helena Rubinstein moves its New York offices to 767 Fifth Avenue, New York. Houbigant, Inc. buys Abby Parfumerie and changes its name to Houbigant, Ltd. Jovan, Inc. formed by Bernard A. Mitchell and Barry Shipp in Chicago, Illinois. Max Factor acquires the Denver Chemical Manufacturing Company of Stamford, Connecticut. Nestle-LeMur sells the Milkmaid line to Minnetonka Laboratories. Orlane acquired by Morton-Norwich. Reckitt & Colman, Ltd. sells D. R. Collins, Ltd. (Goya, Jane Seymour, and Care Laboratories) to Douglas and Christopher Collins. Revlon’s Professional Products division moves to New York; adds Cosmetics and Fragrances Division, and Revlon Development Corporation. Rexall Drug & Chemical Company acquires Beauty Counselor and Cort-Romney Cosmetics Company. Warner-Lambert buys the wet-shave business of Eversharp-Schick.
1969	Andrew Jergens lists on the New York Stock Exchange. Elizabeth Arden, Inc. buys Elizabeth Arden S.A. Estée Lauder International, Inc. founded in Belgium; New York headquarters moved to 767 Fifth Avenue; and a second American factory opened in Old Westbury, Long Island. Eylure International, Ltd. established in Hong Kong. Germaine Monteil (UK), Ltd. founded. Helena Rubinstein consolidates its operations worldwide. House of Westmore (New York) builds new manufacturing plant in Newburgh, New York State. Jane Seymour sold to Rimmel International, Ltd. Mary Kay acquires Goodier, Inc. and Rachel York Pty., Ltd. Maybelline relaunches in the U.K. Rayette-Fabergé, Inc. renamed as Fabergé, Inc. Rexall Drug & Chemical becomes Dart Industries; Beauty Counselor, Vanda Cosmetics and Cort-Romney Cosmetics merge to form Vanda Beauty Counselor. Rose H. Laird Company (USA) sold to Carmen Cosmetics.

1970	Andrew Jergens acquired by American Brands. British American Tobacco (BAT) creates a cosmetic division, British American Cosmetics (BAC) from its cosmetic acquisitions (Lenthéric, Germaine Monteil, Morny, Tuvaché and Yardley). Chas. Pfizer & Co., Inc. renamed as Pfizer, Inc. Cyclax acquired by Lehman Brothers on behalf of private investors; South Molton Street salon closed. Elizabeth Arden acquired by Eli Lilly; Maine Chance Health Spa in Maine closed; and London salon moves to New Bond Street. Estée Lauder London offices moved to 71 Grosvenor Street. Gala Cosmetic Group acquired by Smith & Nephew. Harriet Hubbard Ayer withdraws from the British market. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz sells sixteen of its beauty salons to Glemby, Co. Les Parfums de Molyneux S.A. sold by S.A. Française Alfred Dunhill. L’Oréal acquires Biotherm. Marie Earle acquired by the Hichens Chemical Company. Max Factor opens a new branch in Indonesia. Revlon acquires Mitchum Company of Tennessee, makers of antiperspirants and other toiletries; merged with Thayer Laboratories to form the Mitchum-Thayer Division. Smith & Nephew acquires the Gala Cosmetic Group (Gala of London, Outdoor Girl, Miner’s, Mary Quant) (UK). Warner-Lambert buys the Schick wet-shave product line from Eversharp; merges with Parke-Davis.
1971	Eylure acquires Roberts Windsor from Union International, Ltd. Houbigant Inc. opens a new factory in Ridgefield, New Jersey. Kryolan moves to Papierstrasse 10, Berlin. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz sold to Squibb-Beechnut which becomes the Squibb Corporation. Luft Cosmetics acquired by A.R. Winarick, Inc. Plough merges with Schering to become the Schering-Plough Corporation. Polly Bergen acquired by Gulf & Western Industries. Rimmel acquired by ITT (once known as International Telephone & Telegraph) from Carlton Industries. Shulton acquired by American Cyanamid.
1972	Eylure Benelux established in Belgium. Guinot acquired by Jean-Daniel Mondin. Mary Chess, Ltd. acquired by Robert Patterson; becomes Mary Chess London. Max Factor merged with Norton Simon, Inc. Payot bought by ITT. Revlon closes the House of Revlon salon in New York.
1973	C. L. Allergenics becomes Clinique Laboratories, Inc.; and Estée Lauder AG founded in Lachen, Switzerland. Coty and Coty International unite. Cyclax bought by Cooper Laboratories International. Dunhill acquires controlling interest in Richards & Appleby, Ltd. Germaine Monteil headquarters in New York moved to 40 West 57th Street. Helena Rubinstein, Inc. acquired by Colgate-Palmolive. Jafra Cosmetics acquired by Gillette. Neutrogena becomes a public company. Polly Bergen sold to Fabergé. Rose Laird, Ltd. (UK) sold to International Laboratories, Ltd. Warner-Lambert sells Gemey to L’Oréal.
1974	Cyclax acquired by British American Cosmetics (BAC). Frances Denney sold to Berwind Corporation; and Frances Denney, Ltd. established in Britain. House of Westmore (New York) acquired by Syntex, Inc. L’Oréal signs agreement with Nestlé introduces the Lancôme brand into America Vileda buys Lady Esther Kosmetik GmbH and the worldwide rights to Lady Esther outside the U.S.A. Warner-Lambert merges Du Barry with Texas Pharmacal.
1975	D. R. Collins (Goya) sold to Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). Hazel Bishop becomes a division of Toiletry Products of America. Mentzer Holdings, Inc. established. Revlon buys Norcliff Laboratories from McKesson & Robbins.
1976	Anita Roddick opens the first Body Shop in Brighton, England. Clinique La Prairie acquired by Armin Mattli. Dunhill opens new cosmetics and toiletries factory in Lancashire. Kryolan opens its first subsidiary in Van Nuys, California. Orlane acquired by Norton Simon. Ricils acquired by L’Oréal and attached to Gemey. Sea & Ski sold to Smith, Klein and French.
1977	American Cyanamid sells the CornSilk (Shulton) line to the Chattem Drug and Chemical Company. Estée Lauder Swiss factory opened in Lachen; and Whitman Laboratories factory moves to Petersfield, Hampshire, England. Germaine Monteil Perfumes bought by Bayer A.G. Juvena acquired by British American Cosmetics (BAC). L’Oreal acquires Société de Fabrication et de Distribution de Parfumerie et Cosmétique Diparco S.A. Revlon acquires Carlos Colomer, a Spanish professional beauty supply distributor. Rose Laird, Ltd. (UK) sold to Purex Industries, Inc.
1978	Avon acquires Tiffany & Co. Calvin Klein starts up a fragrances and cosmetics line. Chattem Drug and Chemical Company changes its name to Chattem, Inc. Dell Laboratories acquires the LaCross division of A.R. Winarick, Inc. Frances Denney acquired by William Fine and a group of investors. House of Westmore, Inc. (New York) acquired by Syntex, Inc. Innoxa (England) moves to 62 Brompton Road, Knightsbridge. La Prairie Cosmetics established by Armin Mattli in Switzerland. Rimmel U.K. acquired by Schering-Plough. Unilever creates Parfums Roberre, Ltd. from Pierre Robert, Harriet Hubbard Ayer and Atkinsons.
1979	Beecham acquires Jovan, Inc. Payot introduced into Australia. Warner-Lambert sells Texas Pharmacal (Allercreme and Du Barry) to Alcon Laboratories, Inc.

1980	Calvin Klein sells its fragrance and cosmetics business to Minnetonka, Inc. Colgate-Palmolive sells Helena Rubinstein to Albi Enterprises, Inc. Diadermine sold to Henkel Kosmetik GmbH. Frances Denney acquired by Delalande S.A. Gala Cosmetic Group bought by Norton Simon (Max Factor). Kurlash-Diamon Deb sold to Robert Roth and Mario Maffie. Lady Esther becomes available in Britain for a time. L’Oréal purchases Vicky. Neutrogena expands into hair-care products. Payot sold to Müelhens GmbH & Co. KG, Germany. Richardson-Merrell, Inc. acquired by Dow Chemical Company; name changed to Richardson-Vicks, Inc. Warner-Lambert acquires the Schick dry shave products and trademarks from Schick, Inc.
1981	Crystal Products factory in Surbiton closed. Rose Laird, Ltd. (UK) sold to Innoxa (England), Ltd. Shiseido begins marketing cosmetics in China.
1982	Armin Mattli sells Laboratories La Prairie to American Cyanamid. Sterex Electrolysis International, Ltd. founded (UK). Wella A.G. acquires Rene Garraud S.A. a French cosmetic manufacturing firm. Zotos purchased by Conair Corporation from R. L. Evans Jr.
1983	Almay Cosmetics acquired by Playtex International. Diane Von Furstenberg cosmetics acquired by Beecham. Helene Pessl, Inc. dissolved. Norton Simon (includes Max Factor, Gala of London, Mary Quant, Outdoor Girl, Miner’s, and Orlane) acquired by Esmark. Wella A.G. becomes a public company; acquires the remaining stock in Wella U.S., Wella Canada and Wella Puerto Rico.
1984	Avon sells Tiffany & Co. British American Cosmetics (BAC) acquired by Beecham from British American Tobacco (BAT). D. R. Collins (Goya) sold to Beauty International Fragrances. Esmark merges with Beatrice Foods. Cosmetic companies owned by Esmark (including Max Factor, Gala of London, Mary Quant, Outdoor Girl, Miner’s, and Orlane) put into the Playtex beauty division. Fabergé, Inc. sold to the McGregor Corporation (a public apparel company) which goes private and later changes its name to Fabergé. Kao enters the cosmetics market (Sofina cosmetics). Lady Esther Kosmetik GmbH sold to the Figaj family who move the company to Bensheim, Germany. L’Oréal acquires Ralph Lauren Fragrances; buys Helena Rubinstein in Latin America and Japan. Make-up Art Cosmetics, Ltd. (MAC) founded in Toronto, Canada by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo.
1985	Frances Denney buys Albert Nipon Fragrances, Inc. Germaine Monteil (UK), Ltd.closed. Jurlique founded by Jurgen and Ulrike Klein in South Australia. Juvena bought by Beecham. Kurlash-Diamon Deb moves to Newburgh, Orange County, New York State. Revlon acquired by Pantry Pride, a subsidiary of MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings and becomes a private company; sells Norcliff Thayer to Beecham. Richardson-Vicks, Inc. (Pantene, Olay, Clearasil and Vicks) sold to Procter & Gamble. Unilever sells Harriet Hubbard Ayer to Imperial Kosmetic GmbH.
1986	Chesebrough-Pond’s acquired by Unilever. Dermalogica founded by Jane Wurwand (Los Angeles). Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz, Inc. acquired by Yves Saint Laurent. Pantry Pride changes its name to Revlon Group, Inc. and acquires the Playtex Beauty Division of Beatrice Foods (includes Max Factor, Almay, Halston, Outdoor Girl, Miner’s, and Gala of London). Rose Laird, Ltd. (UK) sold to Silhouette International, Ltd.
1987	American Cyanamid sells Jacqueline Cochran, Inc. and Laboratories La Prairie to Sanofi S.A., who then on-sold La Prairie to Georgette Mosbacher. Barbara Gould S.A. sold to Reckitt & Colman (France) S.A. Elizabeth Arden acquired by Fabergé, Inc. from Eli Lilly. Germaine Monteil’s American rights acquired by Revlon Group, Inc. from Beecham. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz, Inc. (including Alexandra de Markoff and Bain de Soleil tanning products but excluding Yves Saint Laurent Beauté and Charles of the Ritz perfumes) sold to Revlon. Revlon Group, Inc. goes public. Wella A.G. acquires Parfum Rochas S.A.
1988	Andrew Jergens acquired by Kao. Beauty International Fragrances bought by the European Brands Group. Braun acquires French hair remover manufacturer Silk-Epil. L’Oréal acquires worldwide assets of Helena Rubinstein. Juvena management buys Juvena from Beecham. Procter & Gamble acquires Noxell Corporation, makers of Noxzema products and Cover Girl. Rigaud acquired by Perigot, Ltd. Sterling Drug, Inc. (includes Lehn & Fink) acquired by Eastman Kodak. Zotos International purchased by Shiseido, Co., Ltd. from Conair Corporation.
1989	Beecham merges with SmithKline to form SmithKline Beecham. Bristol-Myers merged with Squibb to create Bristol-Myers Squibb. Caswell-Massey acquired by Peter Hsu and Sally Aw Sian. Eylure sold to Nobel Consumer Goods. Glopec UK, Ltd. invests in Innoxa (England), Ltd. Kao gains controlling interest in Goldwell GmbH. Lady Esther Kosmetik GmbH builds a factory in Bensheim, Germany. L’Oréal buys Laboratories la Roche-Posay. Revlon Group, Inc. acquires Betrix Cosmetics GmbH., a German make-up and fragrance maker. Unilever acquires Minnetonka (including Calvin Klein), Fabergé (including Elizabeth Arden), and Rimmel.

1990	American Cyanamid sells Shulton’s Old Spice line to Procter & Gamble. Elizabeth Arden salons all closed down. Frances Denney acquired by Colonia, Inc., the American subsidiary of Mulhens Parfumerie-Fabrik, Cologne, West Germany; name changed to Trend Laboratories, Inc. Germaine Monteil (Europe) bought by John A. Benckiser GmbH from SmithKline Beecham. Innoxa International, Ltd. acquired by Glopec Holdings, Ltd. Juvena sold to Beiersdorf A.G. Maybelline, Yardley, Cyclax, Germaine Monteil (not USA) and Lenthéric acquired by the investor group Wasserstein Perella & Company from Schering-Plough and SmithKline Beecham to be operated through the Old Bond Street Corporation. SmithKline Beecham sells Lancaster and Mary Astor to Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH.; and sells American Lady Esther and others to Menley & James, Inc.
1991	Beiersdorf A.G. acquires Laboratories La Prairie S.A. Bobbi Brown established by Bobbi Brown in New York. Eylure sold to Original Additions. Germaine Monteil (USA) bought by John A. Benckiser GmbH from Revlon. Make-up Art Cosmetics, Ltd. (M·A·C) opens first store in the United States. Mary Chess bought by the Fine Fragrances and Cosmetic Group, London. Produits de Beauté Antoine S.A. disbanded. Quintessence Holdings, Inc. sold to Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH. Revlon Group, Inc. sells Max Factor (including Outdoor Girl, and Gala of London) and Betrix Cosmetics to Procter & Gamble, the American rights of Germaine Monteil and Lancaster to Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH. (West Germany), and its Clean and Clear skin-care range to Johnson & Johnson Products, Inc. Sassaby Inc. founded by Leonie Mateer and Kevin Jasper in California.
1992	Clarins invests in Thierry Mugler Couture. Colgate-Palmolive acquires the Mennen Company. Coty acquired by Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH. from Pfizer. Diparco (L’Oréal) renamed Gemey Paris. W. R. Grace & Co. acquire a 40% holding in Caswell-Massey. Kryolan acquires Charles H. Fox, Ltd. (London). Revlon sells Princess Marcella Borghese and Halston Enterprises to a Saudi investment group who establish Halston Borghese International, Ltd. Unilever creates the Prestige Personal Products Group which includes Elizabeth Arden and Calvin Klein. Yardley of London (Africa) Pty., Ltd. acquired by National Brands, Ltd., a subsidiary of AVI, Ltd.
1993	Estée Lauder signs a global licensing agreement with designer Tommy Hilfiger. Frances Denney acquired by The Stephan Company from Mulhens Parfumerie-Fabrik. Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH. merges Coty with Quintessence, Inc. Kryolan Poland, Ltd. founded in Szczecin. L’Oréal acquires Redken 5th Avenue. Payot factory at Bois-Colombes closed. Prince Matchabelli brands sold by Unilever to Parfums de Coeur. Revlon announces the formation of Revlon Professional Worldwide. RoC Skincare sold by LVMH to Johnson & Johnson. Warner-Lambert acquires Wilkinson Sword. Wella A.G. acquires Sebastien International.
1994	American Cyanamid bought by American Home Products Corporation. Deborah Group acquires Rouge Baiser. Estée Lauder acquires majority equity interest in Make-up Art Cosmetics, Ltd. (M·A·C). Guerlain acquired by Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy (LVMH). Houbigant Inc. goes into receivership. International Classic Brands established by David Reiner after acquiring Cyclax and Morny. Jane Cosmetics founded by Sassaby, Inc. L’Oréal acquires Cosmair. L&F Products (includes Dorothy Gray, Tussy, Hinds) acquired by Reckitt & Colman from Eastman Kodak. Neutrogena Corporation acquired by Johnson & Johnson. Stendhal bought by the Bogart Group. Wella A.G. acquires Müelhens GmbH & Co. KG.
1995	Clarins acquires Azzaro Parfums. Colgate-Palmolive Company acquires Kolynos Oral Care. Daggett & Ramsdell bought by Fisk Industries, Inc. Erno Laszlo sold by Elizabeth Arden (Unilever) to Mana Products, New York. Estée Lauder goes public on the New York Stock Exchange; buys Bobbi Brown and La Mer; and signs a global licensing agreement with Kiton. L’Oréal acquires Jade (Germany). Peggy Sage purchased by the Collomb family. Revlon Holdings, Inc. sells Alexandra de Markoff cosmetics and fragrances to Parlux Fragrances.
1996	Coty, Inc. created as a separate company to contain the worldwide cosmetics and fragrances operations of Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH. (Coty, Lancaster, Mary Astor, Jovan, Germaine Monteil and others); acquires Unilever’s European make-up brands including Rimmel and a license to make Cutex products in Europe and elsewhere. Helene Curtis acquired by Unilever; North American Helene Curtis professional hair-care line then sold to Shiseido. L’Oréal acquires Maybelline; and the Chilean company Unisa. Revlon becomes a public company again. Wella A.G. sells Payot to Myrurgia.
1997	Beiersdorf A.G. acquires the Polish company Pollena-Lechia; completes the repurchase of the Nivea trademarks it lost after the Second World War. Cutex (American and Puerto-Rican) acquired by Carson, Inc. from Unilever. Estée Lauder signs a licensing agreement with Donna Karan; and buys Aveda Corporation and buys Sassaby, Inc. Perricone M.D. founded by Dr. Nicholas Perricone. Procter & Gamble acquire Tambrands (Tampax). Unilever sells the Japanese Helene Curtis professional hair-care line to Shiseido. Wella consolidates in the holding company, Cosmopolitan Cosmetics GmbH.
1998	Braun A.G. is transformed into a private company. Del Laboratories buys the CornSilk (Shulton) brand from Chattem. Estée Lauder completes its acquisition of Make-up Art Cosmetics, Ltd. (M·A·C). L’Oréal merges Gemey and Maybelline; and acquires Soft Sheen Products (makes products for ethnic hair-types). Numark Laboratories, Inc. buys the assets of Menley & James. Perricone M.D. renamed as N.V. Perricone M.D. Pétrole Hahn bought by Eugene Perma from Procter & Gamble. Playtex Products, Inc. acquires the Personal Products Division of Reckitt & Colman Pty., Ltd. (including Dorothy Gray, and Tussy).
1999	Reckitt & Colman sell Barbara Gould to Carter-Wallace. Estée Lauder buys Jo Malone, London. Coty introduces the Rimmel make-up line into America. Cutex nail polish remover business in America acquired by the investment firm, the Shansby Group. Cyclax acquired by Richards & Appleby, Ltd. Numark Laboratories sells American Lady Esther to Lee Pharmaceuticals.

First Posted: 31st July 2012
Last Update: 22th November 2024

Main Sources

50 years of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. (1995). Cosmetics and Toiletries, December 1st.

Allen, M. (1981). Selling dreams: Inside the beauty business. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.

The American perfumer & essential oil review. (1906-1955). New York: Robbins Perfumer, Co. [etc.].

Balsam, M. S., & Sagarin, E. (Eds.). (1972). Cosmetics: Science and technology (2nd. ed.). New York: Interscience Publishers.

The chemist and druggist. (1859-) London: Morgan Brothers.

Corson, R. (1972). Fashions in make-up: From ancient to modern times. London: Peter Owen.

De Castelbajac, K. (1995). The face of the century: 100 years of make-up style. London: Thames and Hudson.

The drug and cosmetic industry. (1932-1997). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich [etc.].

Jones, G. (2010). Beauty imagined: A history of the global beauty industry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Manufacturing chemist. (1937-2012). London: Miller Freeman [etc.].

Peiss, K. (2007). Hope in a jar: The making of America’s beauty culture. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Perfumery and essential oil record. (1910-1969). London: G. Street & Co., Ltd.

SPC. Soap, perfumery & cosmetics. (1935-1970). London: London Trade Press, Ltd.